Exploring Genetic Engineering Concepts

What is the first step in the DNA replication process?

• Repair of DNA damage

• Formation of Okazaki fragments

• Unwinding of the DNA double helix

• Synthesis of RNA primers

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

• nuclease

• helicase

• ligase

• polymerase

What are the building blocks of DNA called?

• Nucleotides

• Amino acids

• Fatty acids

• Monosaccharides

During DNA replication, what is the role of DNA polymerase?

• DNA polymerase unwinds the DNA double helix.

• DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.

• DNA polymerase removes RNA primers from the DNA.

• DNA polymerase repairs damaged DNA strands.

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands in DNA replication?

• The leading strand is synthesized in fragments, while the lagging strand is continuous.

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.

• Both strands are synthesized continuously but at different speeds.

• The leading strand is synthesized in the opposite direction of the lagging strand.

What is the process of copying DNA into RNA called?

• Transcription

• Translation

• Replication

• Mutation

What is the primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

• The primary function of messenger RNA (mRNA) is to convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

• To replicate DNA during cell division.

• To store genetic information in the nucleus.

• To transport amino acids to the ribosome.

In transcription, which enzyme synthesizes RNA from the DNA template?

• RNA polymerase

• DNA polymerase

• Helicase

• Ribonuclease

What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

• mRNA, sRNA, pRNA

• mDNA, tDNA, rDNA

• cRNA, tRNA, dRNA

• mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

• Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating mRNA into amino acid sequences.

• Ribosomes transport amino acids to the nucleus.

• Ribosomes break down proteins into amino acids.

• Ribosomes store genetic information for protein synthesis.