Cognition Lecture 6 - TRDM 2

Which three things are needed for successful positive transfer from base to target?

• Mapping

• Abstraction

• Recognition

• Acknowledge

We use knowledge from a previous _ problem in _ and apply this knowledge to a current _ problem in _

• (target), working memory, (base), long term memory

• (target), long term memory, (base), working memory

• (base), working memory, (target), long term memory

• (base), long term memory, (target), working memory

Kintsch & Van Dijk (1978) found that stored memory structures contain the gist of a problem solution. What do they suggest occurs for us to get this gist? (Select all that apply)

• Deletion process = (removes surface detail)

• Generalisation process = (reduces amount of information)

• Abstraction (abstracts general principle)

• Construction process (adding info to a representation in terms of causal relations and intentions)

_ = the solution of the base problem is translated into the solution of the target

• Positive Transfer

• Mapping

• Negative Transfer

• Abstraction

Which of the following statements is false?

• The gist needs to be mapped to target in order for positive transfer to occur

• Participants may generate and develop a series of partial solutions to target problem

• The gist is stored in short term memory

• All of the above

Chen and Klahr (1999) gave children training in the domain of physical science and later tested their performance in other domains. What did they find? (Select all that apply)

• Transfer did not occur

• Positive transfer occurred

• Participants performed much better in new domains

• Participants did not perform better in new domains

What are the problems with analogical problem solving in the real world? (Select all that apply)

• In real life people solve problems easily

• Similarities between problems in everyday life are less obvious

• In real life people choose structural rather than superficial similarities

• Individual differences have been under researched

Charness (1981) and Saariluoma (1990) suggest that human chess playing strategy is a mix of _

• boredom with acceptance

• laziness with efficiency

• laziness with effectiveness

• experience with knowledge

Computer programs (e.g. Deep Blue) play chess using the same strategy as humans

• True

• False

According to Miller (1956) capacity of STM is said to be _ plus or minus _

• 5, 2

• 5, 3

• 7, 2

• 7, 3