Classical and Operant Conditioning

This is a form of learning by association between two stimuli.

• Punishment

• Classical Conditioning

• Operant Conditioning

• Extinction

An unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is a stimulus that triggers a response

• either automatically or as a reflex

• as a learned reaction to a signal

• despite extinction

• is something that once was neutral

In Pavlov's experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the:

• meat powder

• salivating response in dog

• ringing of the bell

• racing heartbeat

Extinction occurs when

• the UCS no longer produces the UCR

• the CS no longer produces the CR

• you learn to distinguish between different stimuli

• you respond to similar stimuli

Classical conditioning occurs in:

• taste aversion

• advertising

• schools

• all of the above

Like classical conditioning, operant conditioning is a form of associative learning except that there is:

• an association between events

• an association with discrimination

• reinforcement or punishment

• an association without consequences

Reinforcement can be:

• positive or negative

• immediate or delayed

• primary or secondary

• all of the above

Negative reinforcement makes a behaviour:

• less likely to occur because it adds punishment

• more likely to occur because it removes something negative

• less likely to occur because it adds something negative

• more likely to occur because it adds something positive

Primary reinforcement involves something that is biologically reinforcing, such as:

• paying the babysitter

• giving your dog a treat

• giving your dog praise

• paying your dog

A major problem with punishment is:

• punishment can end behaviour

• punishment can teach aggressive behaviour

• punishment can decrease anxiety

• all of the above