2021 Global History II Midterm Practice 1

In the very heart of Tokyo sits the imperial palace, site of the former Edo Castle. Inside a colossal moat with ramparts that dwarf anything seen in Europe, vast open spaces enclose the last fragments of one of the world’s most imposing seventeenth-century monuments. Across the globe in France, Louis XIV’s palace and gardens of Versailles form a similar impression of artificial mastery of nature and society. Miles of formal gardens punctuated [decorated] with fountains and statuary surround a palace known for its cold magnificence, with the entire ensemble of town, palace, and park orienting itself around a single, central focal point: the Sun King’s bedroom. Each complex symbolizes a system of power. Edo evokes [brings to mind] the Tokugawa rule by status, which decreed that the daimyo lords, who were themselves forced to spend alternate years in Edo away from their regional domains, lived administratively and spatially segregated from the various other categories of subjects, all ranged in a pattern of residential sectors spiraling around the castle. Versailles, in a similar fashion, bespeaks [indicates] the domestication of the French aristocracy in a “gilded cage,” where they scrambled for favors while the Sun King undermined their authority and deprived them of their independence...

Based on this passage, one way the castle at Edo and the Palace of Versailles are similar is that:

• They were centers of learning.

• They provided military protection.

• They became symbols of power and wealth

• They served as a monument to the British monarchy..

In the very heart of Tokyo sits the imperial palace, site of the former Edo Castle. Inside a colossal moat with ramparts that dwarf anything seen in Europe, vast open spaces enclose the last fragments of one of the world’s most imposing seventeenth-century monuments. Across the globe in France, Louis XIV’s palace and gardens of Versailles form a similar impression of artificial mastery of nature and society. Miles of formal gardens punctuated [decorated] with fountains and statuary surround a palace known for its cold magnificence, with the entire ensemble of town, palace, and park orienting itself around a single, central focal point: the Sun King’s bedroom. Each complex symbolizes a system of power. Edo evokes [brings to mind] the Tokugawa rule by status, which decreed that the daimyo lords, who were themselves forced to spend alternate years in Edo away from their regional domains, lived administratively and spatially segregated from the various other categories of subjects, all ranged in a pattern of residential sectors spiraling around the castle. Versailles, in a similar fashion, bespeaks [indicates] the domestication of the French aristocracy in a “gilded cage,” where they scrambled for favors while the Sun King undermined their authority and deprived them of their independence...

Which claim is best supported by the passage?

• Nobles used these palaces to achieve independence.

• Nobles maintained their authority through isolation.

• France and Japan were very poor countries.

• Monarchs controlled their nobles by influencing where they lived.

… Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.…

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

In this passage, Montesquieu references:

• A separation of powers.

• Enlightened Despotism

• Mercantilism

• Laissez Faire Economics

… Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.…

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

One historical event that resulted from these ideas is:

• The Glorious Revolution

• The French Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution

• The Cultural Revolution

… Nor is there liberty if the power of judging is not separate from legislative power and from executive power. If it were joined to legislative power, the power over the life and liberty of the citizens would be arbitrary, for the judge would be the legislator. If it were joined to executive power, the judge could have the force of an oppressor.…

—Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws

Montesquieu is most closely related to which of the following movements?

• The Enlightenment

• The Great Society

• Communism

• The Russian Revolution

As a result of Industrialization, people began to migrate to _____ for better _____.

• Farms / Job Opportunities

• Coasts / Fish

• Cities / Job Opportunities

• Asia / Food

Which conclusion is best supported by the information on this map?

• England’s natural resources led to the growth of industrial cities.

• People moved out of England because of the noise pollution.

• Industrialization political unified the country.

• In 1830, Britain had an unfavorable balance of trade

The Wealth of Nations carries the important message of laissez faire, which means that the government should intervene as little as possible in economic affairs and leave the market to its own devices. It advocates the liberation of economic production from all limiting regulation in order to benefit the people . . .

What role do laissez faire economists believe the government should play in the economy?

• The government should regulate for the environment.

• The government should restrict some businesses.

• The government should own the means of production.

• The government should have a “hands off” approach to businesses.

The Wealth of Nations carries the important message of laissez faire, which means that the government should intervene as little as possible in economic affairs and leave the market to its own devices. It advocates the liberation of economic production from all limiting regulation in order to benefit the people . . .

In response to capitalism, Karl Marx considered:

• Restricted Capitalism

• Democratic Socialism

• Communism

• Mercantilism