Semester 2 Unit 4 Study Guide

A cloud of dust and gas in space is a(n) ___________.

Which term best completes the sentence?

• asteroid

• nebula

• galaxy

• solar system

Which pair of elements primarily make up a nebula?

• hydrogen and oxygen

• hydrogen and helium

• helium and oxygen

• carbon and oxygen

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

What did the solar system form from?

• preexisting planets

• comets

• black hole

• clouds of dust and gas

What is the current theory about the formation of the solar system?

• The solar system began as a cloud of dust and gas that condensed, forming a bulging middle and an outer disk. The bulging middle of the cloud became the sun, and the rest of the dust and gas formed the planets, orbiting the sun in the same plane.

• About 14 billion years ago, several supernova events scattered all the known elements throughout the galaxy. The magnetic elements were attracted to each other and formed the early celestial bodies that eventually became the planets of the solar system.

• A big bang occurred in the solar system as a result of a fusion reaction. All the matter in the solar system that had been clumped together was shattered and sent flying. As new pieces of matter connected, all the celestial bodies of the solar system were formed.

• The area of the universe that was to become the solar system went through a period of vast expansion as a result of rapid radioactive decay that left behind clouds of dust and gases. The excess clouds and gases were used to form the various parts of the solar system.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS1-2

What happens to the force of gravity between two masses if they are moved closer?

• It increases.

• It decreases.

• It stays the same.

• It fluctuates.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

What happens to the force of gravity between two masses if they are moved farther apart?

• It increases

• It decreases

• It stays the same

• It fluctuates

Which choice states the planet or planets that have an elliptical orbit around the sun?

• Earth

• Jupiter

• Mars

• Earth, Jupiter, and Mars

Which statement is true about Earth’s path around the sun?

• It is elliptical

• It is circular

• It is random

• It is random

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-4

What separates Mars from Jupiter?

• sun

• Milky Way Galaxy

• asteroid belt

• black hole

What does the asteroid belt separate?

• sun and the stars

• Earth and moon

• inner and outer planets

• Milky Way from other galaxies