Landmark Supreme Court Cases- 3.12

 3.12 The case established the Court’s power of judicial review.  The Court had the duty of interpreting the law. If the court identifies a law in conflict with the Constitution, the law is invalid.

• Marbury V. Madison
• Tinker v. Des Moines 
• Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
• Miranda v. Arizona 

3.12 Ruled schools have the right to control activities they sponsor (pay for) for educational purposes. Qualified the Tinker ruling by allowing censorship under these circumstances.

• In Re Gault 
• Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier
• Tinker v. Des Moines
• Gideon v. Wainwright 

3.12 Ruled that governments should be required to provide a lawyer to defendants too poor to afford one if they are charged with a felony.

• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• Miranda v. Arizona 
• In Re Gault 
• Tinker v. Des Moines

3.12 Ruled that suspects must always be informed of their rights before interrogation. Police must read suspects their “Miranda Rights”

• Miranda v. Arizona 
• In Re Gault 
• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• Tinker v. Des Moines

3.12 Ruled that juvenile courts should have different procedures, but due process rights still apply to children.

• In Re Gault 
• Miranda v. Arizona 
• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• Tinker v. Des Moines

3.12 Ruled that racial segregation did not violate right to “equal protection,” (14th Amendment). Facilities provided to each were “separate but equal.” Segregation strengthened across south.

• Brown v. Board of Education
• Plessy v. Ferguson 
• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• In Re Gault 

3.12 Ruled racially segregated public schools violated “equal protection.” Facilities provided to African-Americans inferior, not equal. First step toward ending racial segregation in South.

• Brown v. Board of Education
• Plessy v. Ferguson 
• Gideon v. Wainwright 
• In Re Gault 

 3.12 Ruled that “executive privilege” did not justify withholding evidence in a criminal investigation. President is not above the rule of law.

• United States v. Nixon
• Bush v. Gore 

 3.12 Halted the recount in the 2000 Presidential Election. As a result of this decision, Bush won the Presidential election.

• Bush v. Gore 
• United States v. Nixon

3.12 In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the Florida Supreme Court's plan for recounting ballots violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
• U.S. v. Nixon (1974)
• Bush v. Gore (2000)