Review for 5.8, 5.9 & 5.16

Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture?

• Aquaculture breeds genetically modified fish to increase the amount of biodiversity in the population.

• Aquaculture reduces the number of fishing operations in an area.

• Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round.

• Aquaculture requires large bodies of water for its operations.

Which of the following best describes legislation that could be used to address problems with overfishing?

• The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) uses trade rules to protect commercially valuable species.

• The Clean Water Act regulates the discharge of pollutants in surface waters.

• The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) provides guidelines for the management of aquatic resources.

• The Delaney Clause of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act regulates the harvesting of fish species for human consumption.

Which of the following is an unintended environmental consequence of aquaculture?

• Meeting an increasing demand for seafood

• Decreasing the prevalence of disease in nearby wild fish

• Contamination of surrounding water by organic waste

• High initial cost of facility

One way that consumers can help prevent a decrease in the number of fish species that are experiencing population declines is to

• help get laws passed that allow more fishing in areas that are not fished currently, therefore opening access to greater numbers of fish

• purchase fish harvested through the use of purse seining and long-lining methods so that only the largest fish are caught

• invest in companies that fish near coral reefs, which would take pressure off deep-sea species and eliminate the need for advances in technology

• eat fish that are caught using sustainable harvesting methods, therefore ensuring fish populations remain stable and reducing the amount bycatch harvested

Which of the following is the best example of an economic approach to reduce overfishing for a fish species with a declining population?

• The federal government sets a catch limit (per person or per boat) for the species and imposes a tax on any extra fish that are caught.

• A conservation agency creates marine parks where the area is a no-catch zone for the species so that the species can recover and population size can increase.

• The state government introduces a subsidy for large fishing companies to help them afford to hire more crew members.

• An educational group produces signs and video clips to encourage individuals to buy locally caught seafood and to avoid eating big fish like tuna and shark.

The farming of fish such as salmon at aquaculture facilities poses a threat to marine ecosystems because

• the farmed fish can escape and outcompete wild fish for food and territory

• farm-raised salmon often pass on toxic chemicals such as mercury to eagles and other fish-eating birds

• invasive plant species common in aquaculture facilities can spread to nearby waters

• fewer wild fish will be harvested for human consumption

Which of the following best describes the process known as “mountaintop removal”?

• The use of trees planted at high elevations to eliminate carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

• The use of heavy equipment to move overburden downhill during the strip mining of coal

• The placement of hazardous-waste disposal sites at high elevations in mountainous regions

• The shearing away of undersea mountain peaks to improve shipping lanes

The process of extracting and separating gold in remote regions often results in environmental contamination with which of the following?

• Ozone

• Cyanide

• CFCs

• Asbestos

Which of the following best explains why the maximum sustainable yield for ocean fisheries has been exceeded?

• Populations of fish-eating birds such as the albatross have increased.

• Too many fish of reproductive age are harvested.

• Too many marine fish farms have been created.

• Everything trapped by large bottom trawl nets is used for food.

Which of the following is an environmental problem associated with abandoned coal mines?

• Thermal pollution of streams in the area

• Acid drainage due to leaching of spoil heaps by rainwater

• Air pollution caused by smog from ozone formation

• Alkaline solutions that pollute streams