Review (8L1.1, 8L.1.2,& 8L2.1) 5

Which best explains a global outbreak that has a vaccine in development?

• It is a pandemic caused by a virus.

• It is an epidemic caused by a virus.

• It is a pandemic caused by a bacteria.

• It is an epidemic caused by a bacteria

Which aspect of modern life could MOST likely cause an epidemic to turn into a pandemic?

• vaccination

• transportation

• communication

• sanitation

The bacteria B. anthracis causes the deadly disease anthrax. Here is one way humans can contract the disease:

1. The bacteria form tough endospores that rest in soil indefinitely. 2. Grazing animals such as sheep inhale the endospores from the soil. 3. Once inside the sheep, the spores reactivate and cause infection. 4. Infected sheep then pass the bacteria to humans who become infected.

• endospores

• soil

• sheep

• humans

Which tool is MOST responsible for preventing future pandemics of smallpox?

• worldwide vaccination for smallpox

• global education about smallpox

• better worldwide urban sanitation

• improved global quarantine facilities

Millions of people living all over the world have cancer. Is cancer a pandemic?

• No, because cancer is not contagious.

• No, because cancer is not always fatal.

• Yes, because millions of people have cancer

• Yes, because people all over the world have cancer.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS. The first known human cases AIDS were in Africa in the late 1950s. Since then, tens of millions of people have died from the disease, and tens of millions more people all over the world are infected. Which term BEST describes the disease AIDS?

• isolated cases

• outbreak

• epidemic

• pandemic

In 1918, an outbreak of influenza infected 500,000 people all over the world. Tens of millions of those infected died. In 1994, an outbreak of pneumonic plague spread quickly through the city of Surat in India, killing 52 people. Which statement BEST describes the two events?

• Both outbreaks were pandemics.

• Both outbreaks were epidemics.

• The influenza outbreak was a pandemic. The plague outbreak was an epidemic.

• The influenza outbreak was an epidemic. The plague outbreak was a pandemic.

A city has an outbreak of a disease that affects an unusually large portion of its population at the same time. Which term BEST describes the outbreak?

• pandemic

• plague

• epidemic

• infection

The table below shows some human diseases, how they are spread, and the state of the carrier that infects humans with the virus.

Which diseases are transmitted to humans by vectors?

• Lyme disease and West Nile disease

• West Nile disease and Rabies

• HPS and Lyme disease

• Rabies and HPS

Which sentence BEST describes a pandemic?

• The disease causes high fever and vomiting.

• The disease passes through direct contact with an infected person.

• The disease is fatal if not treated immediately.

• The disease has spread to every country in the Northern Hemisphere.