Organic Molecules

Which best describes the importance of lipids to organisms?

• They provide keratin in hair and outer layers of the skin.

• They keep cellular organelles hydrated within an organism.

• They provide storage for cellular waste within an organism.

• They serve as cellular membrane components and as concentrated energy sources.

Which characteristic is used to identify an amino acid?

• the presence of nitrogen

• the composition of the R-group

• the number of carbon atoms present

• the number and types of bonds present

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Which characteristic best explains why carbon is relevant to living organisms?

• Carbon is the most common element on Earth.

• Carbon can form a wide variety of molecules.

• Many carbon isotopes are radioactive.

• Many carbon allotropes occur in nature.

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Which food items can be broken down mostly into amino acids?

• noodles

• steak

• apple slices

• pears

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Food provides calories needed by the body for energy. However, the body must use energy between meals when food is not consumed.

What is the most likely response of the body when more energy is used than the calories consumed

provide?

• to increase blood flow to the limbs for energy production

• to release energy from lipids stored throughout the body

• to transform stored proteins into carbohydrates for energy

• to contract muscles to create heat energy for the body

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Which organic molecule would a long-distance runner most likely choose to eat before a race?

• A protein, because it builds muscle mass.

• A carbohydrate, because it gives quick energy.

• A lipid, because it stores and releases energy.

• A protein, because it transports oxygen in the blood stream.

Which of the following foods is highest in polysaccharides?

• broccoli

• potatoes

• cheese

• fish

A scientist examines the source of the carbon atoms found in a person’s breath.

Which food substances are most likely the source?

• lipids

• proteins

• nucleic acids

• carbohydrates

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Which subunits make up the structure of all proteins?

• glucose

• amino acids

• carbohydrates

• phospholipids

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The diagram shows the structural formula for starch.

Which of the following explains why starch is a polymer?

• repetitive combination of simple subunits

• organic compound molecule

• high mobility as a result of its long length

• contains carbon-based functional groups