AP Biology Unit 5 Review

How are the products of meiosis different from mitosis?

• Mitosis makes 4 identical diploid daughter cells

• Mitosis makes 2 genetically unique haploid daughter cells

• Meiosis makes 4 genetically unique haploid daughter cells

• Meiosis makes 2 genetically identical diploid daughter cells

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If a somatic cell of an organism contains 64 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would that organism's gametes have?

• 64

• 128

• 32

• 16

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How are the chromosomes in a gamete different from the chromosomes in a somatic cell?

• Gametes contain a full set of chromosomes, somatic cells contain chromatids

• Gametes have twice as many chromosomes as somatic cells

• Somatic cells and gametes contain the same amount of chromosomes

• Gametes contain one copy of each chromosome, while somatic cells contain two copies

Which process that occurs during prophase I is responsible for each gamete having a random set of chromosomes?

• Law of Segregation

• Nondisjunction

• Crossing over

• Independent assortment

Which process during prophase I is responsible for creating new combinations of genes on chromosomes?

• Crossing over

• Nondisjunction

• Independent assortment

• Segregation

Which process during prophase I ensures that each gamete only receives 1 copy of each chromosome?

• Independent assortment

• Segregation

• Nondisjunction

• Crossing over

Why are the processes of independent assortment, segregation, and crossing over important for a species fitness and survival?

• They produce stronger gametes

• They prevent mutations from being passed down.

• They increase genetic variation in a population

• They help speed up natural selection

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

What can scientists determine by using the recombination frequency of two genes?

• The traits the genes code for

• Whether or not the genes are linked and their relative position on the chromosome

• How many chromosomes will be present in the gamete

• Whether or not the gene is recessive or dominant

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How does DNA methylation affect gene expression?

• Methylation is unrelated to gene expression

• Methylation turns off the expression of a gene

• Methyl groups act as transcription factors for a gene

• Methylation promotes the expression of a gene

What are the differences between male and female gametes in humans?

• The egg only contains chromosomes, and the sperm provides chromosomes and organelles

• The sex chromosome in the egg determines the gender of the offspring

• The sperm cell provides mitochondria and other cellular components, while the egg provides all of the DNA

• The sperm only contains chromosomes and the egg contains chromosomes and organelles