Chapter 1: Introduction to Adult and Ageing Psychology

Which of the following situations is an example of ageism?

• A. Nancy delivers hot meals each day to several seniors who have limited mobility.

• B. A waitress asks Robin what her father would like to order at a restaurant.

• C. Darnell mows the lawn and rakes leaves for his elder neighbor across the street

• D. John offers an elderly woman his arm outside the grocery because it is icy.

Oliver was a runner when he was younger, winning many race awards on the amateur circuit. Arthritis in his knees forced him to give up running, so he learned to use a recumbent bike that he could propel by pedaling with his arms. This enables him to keep participating in the amateur athletic community.

Which of the following features of the life-span perspective describes Oliver's experience?

• A. historical context

• B. multiple causation

• C. multidirectionality

• D. plasticity

Even in her early 60s, Theresa has a full head of dark hair with not a hint of gray. When people ask why, she explains that her mother didn't start turning gray until her mid-70s.

Which of the following is the likely cause of Theresa's still-colorful hair?

• A. sociocultural forces

• B. biological forces

• C. life-cycle forces

• D. psychological forces

Which of the following is the best example of a nonnormative developmental influence?

• A. being in a recession

• B. having a baby

• C. going bald

• D. getting carjacked

Which of the following terms refers to the normal, disease-free development that most people experience during adulthood?

• A. stable ageing

• B. primary ageing

• C. secondary ageing

• D. tertiary ageing

Before their spring vacation, Jennifer takes her college-age daughter Chloe shopping at a new, hip boutique downtown. Chloe holds up a short skirt and colorful top and says, "Mom, you'd look great in this!" Jennifer laughs and says, "Oh, no! I couldn't be seen wearing anything from this store. But it would be cute on you!"

Which of the following is the cause of Jennifer's response to the outfit?

• A. chronological age

• B. biological age

• C. sociocultural age

• D. perceived age

Baltes et al.'s research in gerontology is focused on plasticity. The research uses the term "plasticity" to describe people's capacity. Plasticity refers to the belief that capacity is not fixed but can be learned or improved with practice.

Which core issue of human development does Baltes et al.'s research explore?

• A. continuity–discontinuity controversy

• B. universal versus context-specific controversy

• C. nature–nurture issue

• D. stability–change issue

Each July, researchers visit the Briarwood Retirement Community. They conduct tests of physical and cognitive functioning with residents, who have been participating in the research for the past 15 years.

Which of the following are the researchers using?

• A. cross-sectional study

• B. sequential study

• C. longitudinal study

• D. meta-analysis

A ritual ceremony in the Jewish religion occurs at the age of 13 for both boys and girls. This reflects in which category of influence?

• A. normative history-graded

• B. normative age-graded

• C. both normative history-graded and normative age-graded

• D. nonnormative graded

Which of the following groups is considered a cohort?

• A. geologists

• B. Catholics

• C. dancers

• D. Baby Boomers