Nationalism and Unification

Italy became an officially united nation in 1860 and created a

• socialist government led by Count Camillo di Cavour.

• parliamentary monarchy led by Victor Emmanuel.

• republic led by Giuseppe Garibaldi.

• democracy led by Giuseppe Mazzini.

All of the following were employed by Bismarck in the unification of Germany EXCEPT

• waging war against Austria to drive it out of German affairs

• collecting taxes for army reform without the Reichstag’s approval.

• annexing German states to Prussia to form the Northern German Confederation

• supporting the Polish rebellion against Russia to advance nationalism

• goading France into war by editing the Ems Dispatch

Which of the following nation-building reforms among the great powers is INCORRECT?

• France – expansion of credit and transportation

• Great Britain – regulation of factories and public health

• Russia – creation of local assemblies

• Austria-Hungary – independence for Slavic minorities

• Germany – adoption of universal male suffrage

The importance of Giuseppe Mazzini to Italian history was his

• conservatism

• zeal for Italian nationalism

• resistance to Garibaldi and Cavour

• overthrow of Austrian power in Italy.

Although the ostensible cause of the Crimean War was a dispute over the protection of certain Christian holy sites, the reason Britain and France entered the war was to...

• support Russia in its attempt to crush the Ottoman Empire

• prevent Russia from upsetting the European balance of power.

• maintain the Concert of Europe.

• prevent the defeat of Russia by the combined forces of Austria and the Ottoman Empire.

Which of the following countries was the first to implement a social welfare system?

• France

• Sweden

• Germany

• Great Britain

Bismarck's program of kulturkampf had as its primary goal

• the destruction of the socialist movement

• the expansion of Germany into Africa and Asia.

• the unification of German states with the exception of Austria.

• the suppression of Catholic political influence.

An important consequence of the creation of Dual Monarchy of Austro-Hungary in 1867 was

• smoother relationships with the subject nationalities in the empire.

• that a weakened Habsburg dynasty retained its most important ethnic minority.

• that German language and culture were taught everywhere in the schools.

• Hungary ceased to have its own parliament but joined the one in Vienna.

Which of the states listed below faced nationalistic or independence movements of ethnic groups within their borders at the end of the nineteenth century and in the early twentieth century?

I. Britain

II Germany

III. The Ottoman Empire

IV. France

• All of them

• I, III, and IV

• II and III

• I, and III

After serfdom was abolished in Russia in 1861, Russian communities came to be regulated politically through

• the robot

• zemstvos

• pogroms

• the Russian Orthodox Church