What is being depicted in the image?

Amplification of the signal molecule

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells?

plant cells go through the process in reverse

plant cells go through two rounds of mitosis while animal cells just do one

Following surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood will increase. Which of the following best explains this increase?

A decrease in thyroxine levels means a loss of inhibition to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, leading to increased TSH secretion.

Residual blood thyroxine, from prior to thyroid gland removal, will bind to cells in the anterior pituitary, signaling more TSH secretion.

Thyroxine will remain bound to thyroxine receptors on various body cells, and these body cells will secrete additional hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH.

Thyroxine that was stored in the anterior pituitary prior to thyroid gland removal will signal more TSH secretion.

In mammals, an increase in the concentration of sodium in the blood triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. As the concentration of sodium in the blood returns to previous levels, the release of ADH from the pituitary gland is reduced. Based on the information presented, which of the following describes the most likely role of ADH in maintaining blood osmolarity?

ADH promotes an increase in the movement of water into the bloodstream.

ADH promotes an increase in the movement of sodium into the bloodstream.

ADH promotes an increase in the excretion of water from the body.

ADH promotes an increase in the secretion of additional ADH from the pituitary gland.

The model shown in the figure represents the role of two hormones, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH), in maintaining normal blood calcium levels in humans. If a dietary change results in an increase in blood calcium concentration above normal levels, which of the following is the most likely effect on calcium homeostasis?

Calcitonin levels will rise, thus promoting the deposit of calcium into bones.

Calcitonin levels will decline, thus stimulating the release of PTH.

PTH levels will decline, thus stimulating the loss of calcium from bones.

PTH levels will increase, thus preventing the release of calcitonin.

Cancer can result from a variety of different mutational events. Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in the initiation of a cancerous tumor?

A defect in a cell-cycle checkpoint prevents a cell from entering the S phase

A receptor mutation results in activation of a cell-division pathway in the absence of the appropriate ligand.

A mutation results in the loss of the ability to produce a tumor-suppressor protein.

At the anaphase checkpoint, separation of chromatids occurs without all centromeres being attached to kinetochore microtubules from both poles.

Many human cells can be stimulated to divide by hormonelike growth factors that bind to receptor proteins (R) on the plasma membrane and trigger an internal signal-transduction cascade. In many cases, however, the process of contact inhibition prevents mitosis when cells are in direct contact with one another. Contact inhibition occurs when proteins called cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) interact, causing them to change shape so that the growth-factor signaling proteins that normally associate with CAMs are replaced by another protein, called M. Both pathways are depicted in the figures. Which of the following statements accurately uses the information presented to support the hypothesis that interruption of M function in a single body cell can result in cancer?

Growth-factor signaling can trigger mitosis in cells that are in direct contact with other cells.

Protein 3 will be prevented from interacting with CAMs, causing the cell cycle to stop permanently.

The ras protein will remain bound to DNA, blocking expression of genes required for mitosis.

The receptor proteins of body cells will no longer bind to growth-factor proteins.

Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling?

Similar cell signaling pathways in diverse eukaryotes are evidence of conserved evolutionary processes.

Cell signaling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells.

Cell signaling has largely been replaced by other cell functions in higher mammals.

Cell signaling functions mainly during early developmental stages.

Solid tumors are clusters of cancer cells and often contain blood vessels. When molecule B B binds to the wild-type Brec protein in the plasma membrane of certain solid tumor cancer cells (Figure 1), the cancer cells express the membrane protein A A and sometimes stimulate increased growth of blood vessels into the tumors. Cells with a particular mutation in the Brec gene (Brec-MUT cells) have much increased expression levels of A and stimulate greater growth of blood vessels than do cancer cells with the wild-type Brec (Brec-WT cells); the cells with the mutant Brec can trigger intracellular signaling in the absence of B. Researchers proposed that the signaling pathway modeled in Figure 1 is triggered by activation of the wild-type Brec and is associated with phosphorylation and activation of kinase D, expression of A, and the ability of the cancer cells to stimulate blood vessel growth. Based on the signaling model shown in Figure 1, describe the role of molecule B.

Molecule B is a ligand and binds to the receptor and activates the receptor.

Molecule B is a cyclin and inhibits the receptor

Molecule B is a cyclin and binds to the receptor and activates the receptor.

Molecule B is a ligand that inhibits the receptor

Which of the following would NOT result in the inhibition of this pathway?

Increase in hormone concentration

A change in the shape of the receptor

The presence of a competitive ligand

Loss of second messenger production

Why is blood clotting an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

The response continues until the stimulus is removed

The response continues until homeostasis is restored

The response is stopped by a secondary stimulus

The response will never stop, even when the stimulus is removed

Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because __________.

they amplify the original signal manyfold.

the number of molecules used is small and fixed.

they always lead to the same cellular response.

they counter the harmful effects of phosphatases.

Receptors for signal molecules __________.

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

all work by opening ion channels

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

Describe the interaction between cyclin and CdK.

cyclin interacts with CdK to initiate the mitotic phase

cyclin is the precursor to CdK, when synthesized allow for mitosis proceed

cyclin acts as an inhibitor to CdK to wait for all DNA to be synthesized

cyclin binds to CdK to initiate DNA replication

Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?

Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence

Activation of a G-protein receptor

This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?

Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins

A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor

Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells

cAMP is formed activating a desired response

If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?

It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response

It would increase the response if the pathway

It would trigger the release of more ligands

It would activate the transcription of a desired gene

Cyclins signal cells to progress through stages of cell replication. Uncontrolled production of cyclins will most likely result in

transfer of cyclins to other cells

Ap Bio Cell Comm And Cell Cycle Review 2025 (unit 4)

AP Bio Cell Comm and Cell Cycle Review 2025 (Unit 4)

Authored by Staci Henderson

Science

12th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 67+ times

AP Bio Cell Comm and Cell Cycle Review 2025 (Unit 4)

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other

prophase

metaphase

anaphase

telophase

In mitosis, the two resulting cells are

different from the starting cell and identical to each other.

different from the starting cell and different from each other.

identical to the starting cell and different from each other.

identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis

S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis

cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2

G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

ligand

second messenger

protein kinase

receptor protein

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What do second messengers do?

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer

relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell

relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm

dampen the message

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

phosphorylation cascade

cAMP

signal receptors

phosphatase

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

I, II, III, IV

III, I, IV, II

II, IV, I, III

III, IV, II, I

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AP Bio Cell Comm and Cell Cycle Review 2025 (Unit 4)

The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other

In mitosis, the two resulting cells are

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

What do second messengers do?

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

What is being depicted in the image?

One signal molecule can yield different results based on which receptor receives it.

What word means programmed cell death?

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AP Bio Cell Comm and Cell Cycle Review 2025 (Unit 4)

The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other

In mitosis, the two resulting cells are

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

What do second messengers do?

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways: I. Response II. Amplification III. Reception IV. Transduction Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

What is being depicted in the image?

One signal molecule can yield different results based on which receptor receives it.

What word means programmed cell death?

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Similar Resources on Wayground

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for Science

Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?