Quiz about AP Bio Cell Comm and Cell Cycle Review 2025 (Unit 4)

Question 1

The phase of mitosis in which the sister chromatids separate from each other

Accepted Answer

anaphase

Answer

prophase

Answer

metaphase

Answer

telophase

Question 2

In mitosis, the two resulting cells are

Accepted Answer

identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.

Answer

different from the starting cell and identical to each other.

Answer

different from the starting cell and different from each other.

Answer

identical to the starting cell and different from each other.

Question 3

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis

Answer

Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis

Answer

S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis

Answer

cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2

Question 4

A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a

Accepted Answer

ligand

Answer

second messenger

Answer

protein kinase

Answer

receptor protein

Question 5

What do second messengers do?

Accepted Answer

relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm

Answer

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer

Answer

relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell

Answer

dampen the message

Question 6

What determines whether a cell is a target cell for a particular signal molecule?

Accepted Answer

signal receptors

Answer

phosphorylation cascade

Answer

cAMP

Answer

phosphatase

Question 7

Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:
I. Response
II. Amplification
III. Reception
IV. Transduction
Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

III, IV, II, I

Answer

I, II, III, IV

Answer

III, I, IV, II

Answer

II, IV, I, III

Question 8

What is being depicted in the image?

Accepted Answer

Amplification of the signal molecule

Answer

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

Answer

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

Answer

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

Question 9

One signal molecule can yield different results based on which receptor receives it.

Accepted Answer

true

Answer

false

Question 10

What word means programmed cell death?

Accepted Answer

apoptosis

Answer

mitosis

Answer

Ced-9

Answer

bleb

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell spend the most time?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 12

How does mitosis in plant cells differ from mitosis in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

plant cells form a cell plate

Answer

animal cells form a cell plate

Answer

plant cells go through the process in reverse

Answer

plant cells go through two rounds of mitosis while animal cells just do one

Question 13

Following surgical removal of the thyroid gland, the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood will increase. Which of the following best explains this increase?

Accepted Answer

A decrease in thyroxine levels means a loss of inhibition to the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary, leading to increased TSH secretion.

Answer

Residual blood thyroxine, from prior to thyroid gland removal, will bind to cells in the anterior pituitary, signaling more TSH secretion.

Answer

Thyroxine will remain bound to thyroxine receptors on various body cells, and these body cells will secrete additional hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete TSH.

Answer

Thyroxine that was stored in the anterior pituitary prior to thyroid gland removal will signal more TSH secretion.

Question 14

In mammals, an increase in the concentration of sodium in the blood triggers the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland. As the concentration of sodium in the blood returns to previous levels, the release of ADH from the pituitary gland is reduced. Based on the information presented, which of the following describes the most likely role of ADH in maintaining blood osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

ADH promotes an increase in the movement of water into the bloodstream.

Answer

ADH promotes an increase in the movement of sodium into the bloodstream.

Answer

ADH promotes an increase in the excretion of water from the body.

Answer

ADH promotes an increase in the secretion of additional ADH from the pituitary gland.

Question 15

The model shown in the figure represents the role of two hormones, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone (PTH), in maintaining normal blood calcium levels in humans. If a dietary change results in an increase in blood calcium concentration above normal levels, which of the following is the most likely effect on calcium homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin levels will rise, thus promoting the deposit of calcium into bones.

Answer

Calcitonin levels will decline, thus stimulating the release of PTH.

Answer

PTH levels will decline, thus stimulating the loss of calcium from bones.

Answer

PTH levels will increase, thus preventing the release of calcitonin.

Question 16

Cancer can result from a variety of different mutational events. Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in the initiation of a cancerous tumor?

Accepted Answer

A defect in a cell-cycle checkpoint prevents a cell from entering the S phase

Answer

A receptor mutation results in activation of a cell-division pathway in the absence of the appropriate ligand.

Answer

A mutation results in the loss of the ability to produce a tumor-suppressor protein.

Answer

At the anaphase checkpoint, separation of chromatids occurs without all centromeres being attached to kinetochore microtubules from both poles.

Question 17

Many human cells can be stimulated to divide by hormonelike growth factors that bind to receptor proteins (R) on the plasma membrane and trigger an internal signal-transduction cascade. In many cases, however, the process of contact inhibition prevents mitosis when cells are in direct contact with one another. Contact inhibition occurs when proteins called cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) interact, causing them to change shape so that the growth-factor signaling proteins that normally associate with CAMs are replaced by another protein, called M. Both pathways are depicted in the figures. Which of the following statements accurately uses the information presented to support the hypothesis that interruption of M function in a single body cell can result in cancer?

Accepted Answer

Growth-factor signaling can trigger mitosis in cells that are in direct contact with other cells.

Answer

Protein 3 will be prevented from interacting with CAMs, causing the cell cycle to stop permanently.

Answer

The ras protein will remain bound to DNA, blocking expression of genes required for mitosis.

Answer

The receptor proteins of body cells will no longer bind to growth-factor proteins.

Question 18

Cell communication is critical for the function of both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes. Which of the following is likely true of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Similar cell signaling pathways in diverse eukaryotes are evidence of conserved evolutionary processes.

Answer

Cell signaling uses the highest molecular weight molecules found in living cells.

Answer

Cell signaling has largely been replaced by other cell functions in higher mammals.

Answer

Cell signaling functions mainly during early developmental stages.

Question 19

Solid tumors are clusters of cancer cells and often contain blood vessels. When molecule B

B binds to the wild-type Brec protein in the plasma membrane of certain solid tumor cancer cells (Figure 1), the cancer cells express the membrane protein A

A and sometimes stimulate increased growth of blood vessels into the tumors. Cells with a particular mutation in the Brec gene (Brec-MUT cells) have much increased expression levels of A and stimulate greater growth of blood vessels than do cancer cells with the wild-type Brec (Brec-WT cells); the cells with the mutant

Brec can trigger intracellular signaling in the absence of B. Researchers proposed that the signaling pathway modeled in Figure 1 is triggered by activation of the wild-type Brec and is associated with phosphorylation and activation of kinase D, expression of A, and the ability of the cancer cells to stimulate blood vessel growth.

Based on the signaling model shown in Figure 1, describe the role of molecule B.

Accepted Answer

Molecule B is a ligand and binds to the receptor and activates the receptor.

Answer

Molecule B is a cyclin and inhibits the receptor

Answer

Molecule B is a cyclin and binds to the receptor and activates the receptor.

Answer

Molecule B is a ligand that inhibits the receptor

Question 20

Which of the following would NOT result in the inhibition of this pathway?

Accepted Answer

Increase in hormone concentration

Answer

A change in the shape of the receptor

Answer

The presence of a competitive ligand

Answer

Loss of second messenger production

Question 21

Which part of the signaling pathway could consist of protein modification, second messenger production, amplification or a phosphorylation cascade?

Accepted Answer

Transduction

Answer

Reception

Answer

Response

Answer

All of these

Question 22

Why is blood clotting an example of a positive feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

The response continues until the stimulus is removed

Answer

The response continues until homeostasis is restored

Answer

The response is stopped by a secondary stimulus

Answer

The response will never stop, even when the stimulus is removed

Question 23

In what phase of mitosis is this cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Answer

Prophase

Answer

Anaphase

Answer

Telophase

Question 24

p53 is a gene that codes for a CDK inhibitor that slows the cell cycle. What would be the result of a mutation in the p53 gene?

Accepted Answer

Tumor formation

Answer

No cell division

Answer

Decreased CDK/Cyclin complexes

Answer

Activated DNA repair

Question 25

After a ligand binds, the intracellular domain of a receptor protein changes _____, initiating transduction of the signal.

Accepted Answer

shape

Answer

color

Answer

size

Question 26

Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because __________.

Accepted Answer

they amplify the original signal manyfold.

Answer

they are species specific.

Answer

the number of molecules used is small and fixed.

Answer

they always lead to the same cellular response.

Answer

they counter the harmful effects of phosphatases.

Question 27

Receptors for signal molecules __________.

Accepted Answer

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus

Answer

all work via protein kinases

Answer

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

Answer

all work by opening ion channels

Answer

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

Question 28

What type of transmembrane receptor is being shown?

Accepted Answer

gated ion channel

Answer

G-protein receptor

Question 29

Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

negative feedback loop

Answer

positive feedback loop

Question 30

What type of feedback loop is shown?

Accepted Answer

positive

Answer

negative

Answer

neutral

Question 31

Describe the interaction between cyclin and CdK.

Accepted Answer

cyclin interacts with CdK to initiate the mitotic phase

Answer

cyclin is the precursor to CdK, when synthesized allow for mitosis proceed

Answer

cyclin acts as an inhibitor to CdK to wait for all DNA to be synthesized

Answer

cyclin binds to CdK to initiate DNA replication

Question 32

Which of these is a common type of final response in a signal transduction pathway?

Accepted Answer

Transcription of a desired mRNA sequence

Answer

Activation of a G-protein receptor

Answer

Formation of cAMP

Answer

Phosphorylation cascade

Question 33

This diagram shows transduction of a signal. How is the signal being transduced to its target location in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes are passing phosphate groups down a series of proteins

Answer

A hormone is binding to an intracellular protein receptor

Answer

Transport vesicles are passing neurotransmitters to neighboring cells

Answer

cAMP is formed activating a desired response

Question 34

If a medicine works by blocking a secondary messenger, what effect would it have on that cell signaling pathway?

Accepted Answer

It would inhibit transduction, thus deactivating the response

Answer

It would increase the response if the pathway

Answer

It would trigger the release of more ligands

Answer

It would activate the transcription of a desired gene

AP Bio Cell Comm and Cell Cycle Review 2025 (Unit 4)

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