Theories of Personality Primer

Vincent van Gogh is a famous painter whose work of art depicts mental and emotional distress in his paintings through vivid colors, thick paint, and forceful brushstrokes. He is a good example of this defense mechanism as he redirects his mental anguish into wonderful works of art.

• Projection

• Displacement

• Repression

• Sublimation

Hitler manifests unsocial thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Which among the following archetypes form part of the characteristics that he presents?

• Anima

• Animus

• Shadow

• Persona

According to Horney, neurotic behavior is a protection against

• Feelings of inferiority

• Basic Anxiety

• Public disgrace

• Exaggerated guilt

Vladimir experienced lack of basic acceptance and support to whatever he did in childhood. Which of the following conditions for growth does Vladimir need most?

• Positive self-regard

• Positive regard

• Conditions of worth

• Unconditional positive regard

The epigenetic principle states that

• some societies believe themselves to be special.

• the ego develops from the dying id

• the ego develops in a sequence, with each stage emerging from and being built on a previous stage

• central to individual development are those traits and tendencies inherited from our ancestral past

Jonathan observes a heightened intensification of an experience to the degree that there is a loss or transcendence of his sense of self. This experience is defined as:

• Peak experience

• Enlightenment

• Solitude

• Nirvana

Melissa is a very talented kid. She grew up with a lot of people praising her and cheering her for she always succeeds in everything that she does. However, Melissa eventually became afraid of becoming the best at what she does. She would often downplay her abilities and underperform just to avoid being called the best" at what she does. Maslow would describe this as the:

• Jonah complex

• Inferiority complex

• Self-actualizing complex

• Resistant complex

Which neo-Freudian theorist emphasized that personality is strongly influenced by feelings of inferiority?

• Adler

• Maslow

• Jung

• Spongebob Squarepants, Ph.D, MD

Bandura believes that three factors influence one another in determining the patterns of behavior that make up personality. Which of the following is NOT a factor he identified?

• Superego
• The Environment
• Behavior
• Personal/Cognitive Factors

Which of the following are Big Five traits?

• Neuroticism and intelligence.

• Openness to experience and intelligence.

• Neuroticism and openness to experience.

• Neuroticism, openness to experience, and fortitude.