Early Industry and Inventions

Industrial Revolution – a change from making things by hand to making them in

• China

• homes

• factories

• plastic

Which sentence best completes this diagram?

• Government regulation of factories increased.

• Farms experienced a shortage of labor.

• Demand for artisans increased.

• Cities grew rapidly.

During the early 1800s many young women in New England were employed outside their homes as—

• legal counselors in state courts

• staff reporters for local newspapers

• cloth weavers in textile mills

• crew members on cargo ships

How did this invention contribute to the expansion of the plantation system?

• By reducing the demand for raw cotton

• By increasing the profitability of slavery

• By increasing the time needed to cultivate cotton

• By reducing the number of slaves needed for growing cotton

The innovation shown in this photograph most affected the U.S. economy by —

• transporting workers from southern states to northern states

• reducing the costs of settling in western territories

• allowing more efficient movement of goods

• decreasing the need for canals

The Bessemer steel process affected westward expansion in the United States by enabling—

• railroads to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West

• Conestoga wagons to be built in order to carry people and goods to the West

• interstate canal systems to be built in order to transport agricultural goods from west to east

• clipper ships to be built in order to transport passengers from the East Coast to the West Coast

What impact did this innovation have on daily life?

• It was the government’s only method to negotiate with foreign leaders.

• It allowed people to sign legal documents from across the country.

• It became a major method of long-distance communication for many years.

• It increased the regional differences among various groups of people across the country.

The introduction of interchangeable parts led directly to the —

• eight-hour workday

• use of mass-production techniques

• creation of labor unions

• formation of the patent system

How did the growth of the railway system during the nineteenth century affect the U.S. economy?

• By permitting faster communication between corporate leaders and their employees

• By helping strengthen the economic ties between U.S. and British companies

• By making it easier for people in rural areas to work in urban factories

• By helping expand the commercial markets of U.S. companies

These innovations in agriculture and industry resulted in —

• more efficient production of goods

• less consumer choice

• decreased profits for investors

• higher consumer costs