Which of the following DNA sequences would have the highest Tm if paired with its complement?

• 5’-ATAGGCACCGTA-3’

• 5’-TATAGC-3’

• 5’GCATTTAGCATTT-3’

• 5’-GCGCAT-3’

During an experiment where you are observing a colony of E. coli over several generations, you introduce a high concentration 5-azaC, a DNA methylase inhibitor. As more generations pass, which of the following effects are you most likely to observe?

• Total colony destruction

• Increase in the number of DNA mutations

• Immediate uncontrolled growth

• Ability to uptake lactose in the presence of glucose

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

You are a scientist in the early 20th century looking for a natural existing antibiotic that targets prokaryotes infecting a human. You find 4 different substances that each inhibit a different target. Which of the following molecules would you want to use?

• Chloramphenicol, which disrupts the 60S subunit of the ribosome

• Colchicine, which inhibits microtubule formation

• Puromycin, which inhibits protein synthesis by mimicking aminoacyl-tRNA

• Kanamycin, which blocks the 30S subunit of the ribosome

What would happen if you removed single-stranded binding proteins from a cell during DNA replication?

• Okazaki Fragments would become longer

• DNA polymerase will not be able to bind to DNA

• Helicase would unwind the DNA more efficiently

• The leading strand would be synthesized discontinuously

What is the sequence of the image above?

• 5’-ACGT-3’

• 5’-TGCA-3’

• 5’-ACGT-3’

• 5’-GTAC-3’

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

You have just found an endogenous mRNA that codes for a protein capable of fluorescing under blue light. The sequence of the mRNA is as follows: 5’…GAUGUUAAGGGCC…3’. What is the 3rd amino acid in this protein?

• Serine

• Arginine

• Lysine

• Leucine

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

In a cell, a mutation prevents RNA Polymerase II from functioning. Which of the following would be the most immediate consequence of this mutation?

• Accumulation of unprocessed rRNA.

• Inability to synthesize mRNA for protein production.

• Lack of tRNA for translation.

• Decrease in ribosomal subunit formation.

Which of the following statements is the most accurate comparison between how prokaryotes and eukaryotes initiate protein synthesis?

• Bacteria use a Shine-Dalgarno sequence for rapid initiation, while eukaryotes require a 5' cap and scanning for the start codon, providing more regulation.

• Bacteria initiate translation directly at the start codon, while eukaryotes use a complex set of factors, including the 5' cap and ribosome scanning.

• Both bacteria and eukaryotes use the same mechanism of translation initiation, involving ribosome binding only at the start codon.

• Both bacteria and eukaryotes initiate translation by recognizing the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, ensuring similar efficiency in protein synthesis.

For the shown H-bonds between the bases C and G, which of the following statements is correct?

• Cytosine provides 1 donor and 2 acceptors; guanine provides 2 donors and 1 acceptor.

• Cytosine provides 2 donors and 1 acceptor; guanine provides 1 donor and 2 acceptors.

• Cytosine provides 2 donors and 1 acceptor; guanine provides 2 donors and 2 acceptors.

• Cytosine provides 1 donor and 1 acceptor; guanine provides 2 donors and 1 acceptor.

What is the nucleic acid base, and at what position is the carbonyl carbon in the base?

• Adenine; Carbonyl carbon at position 6.

• Guanine; Carbonyl carbon at position 6.

• Adenine; Carbonyl carbon at position 2.

• Guanine; Carbonyl carbon at position 2.