Which statement best describes the current situation with tuberculosis?

• This is an animal disease that does not usually cause problems for humans

• This is a very problematic disease that is often resistant to antimicrobials

• This is a new disease that is spread by contaminated water supplies

• This is a common disease, but the symptoms are mild, and it is readily treated

What does ‘normal flora’ mean?

• Microbes that are found only in one location

• Microbes that do not cause disease

• Microbes that are found on flowers

• Microbes that are commonly associated with the human body

What is an important component of the “One Health” philosophy?

• That human health is more important than animal or plant health

• That humans need to get sick sometimes to allow plants and animals to thrive 

• That antibacterial compounds need to be used more widely to maintain health

• That the health of the environment directly impacts on human health

What are the key features of bacteria?

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, can have cell walls

• Uses hosts to replicate, hijacks living cells, can have DNA/RNA

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, macroscopic or microscopic, chitin cell wall

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, exist in harsh environments

What are the key features of protists?

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, can have cell walls

• Uses hosts to replicate, hijacks living cells, can have DNA/RNA

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, macroscopic or microscopic, chitin cell wall

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, exist in harsh environments

What are the key features of viruses?

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, can have cell walls

• Uses hosts to replicate, hijacks living cells, can have DNA/RNA

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, macroscopic or microscopic, chitin cell wall

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, exist in harsh environments

What are the key features of fungi?

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, can have cell walls

• Uses hosts to replicate, hijacks living cells, can have DNA/RNA

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, macroscopic or microscopic, chitin cell wall

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, exist in harsh environments

What are the key features of archaea?

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, can have cell walls

• Uses hosts to replicate, hijacks living cells, can have DNA/RNA

• Unicellular or multicellular, eukaryotic, macroscopic or microscopic, chitin cell wall

• Single-celled, prokaryotic, exist in harsh environments

“Germ-free” cows would not be able to survive because

• They would be too vulnerable to pathogens

• They would not be able to digest cellulose

• They would suffer from severe tooth decay

• They would rapidly fill up with methane

The major reason that microbes that cause plant diseases are problematic is because

• They cause massive economic damage

• They reduce the fertility of soils

• They contaminate the food production chain

• They can transfer into animals, causing animal diseases