DOL: Phylo trees and Reproductive Isolation

8B: The relationships among different orders of millipedes are shown in the cladogram. Based on this cladogram, which statement best describes relationships among millipede orders?

• Stemmiulida is more closely related to Merocheta than Penicillata is to Merocheta

• Spirostreptida is most closely related to Glomerida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomerida

• Polyzoniida is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Sphaerotheriida is to Glomeridesmida

• Merocheta is more closely related to Glomeridesmida than Glomerida is to Glomeridesmida

A population of fruit bats is active at night. Part of the population is most active from 8pm to midnight, and the rest of the bats eat from 1am to 5am. Eventually, the bats don't interact with each other at all. What type of isolation is this?

• Behavioral isolation

• Temporal isolation

• Geographic isolation

The females of two species of fruit fly release slightly different mating hormones called pheromones, which are used to attract male mates.

• Geographic isolation

• Behavioral isolation

• Temporal isolation

A type of isolation in which two populations become separated by a physical barrier such as a canyon, river, lake, preventing the two populations from mating.

• Geographic isolation

• Behavioral isolation

• Temporal isolation

Which numbered location on the phylogenetic tree identifies characteristics shared by Species B, C, and D (CIRCLE your answer)

7B: This diagram of the fossil record represents changes in mollusks over millions of years. How can the pattern of change in the fossil record be explained?

• The mollusks were well adapted to their stable environment. A large, sudden change occurred in their environment. After the change, the mollusks with the bigger shells were better adapted for the new environment.

• The mollusks were well adapted to their stable environment. The mollusks hybridized with a smaller species of mollusk. A new species of mollusk with a bigger shell resulted.

• The mollusks were not well adapted to their environment. The length of the mollusks' shells changed gradually over time. The mollusks in the original population that had small shells died over a period of many years.

• The mollusks were well adapted to their environment. Humans introduced a new species of mollusk that was not adapted to this environment. The introduced mollusk out-competed the native mollusk species

7A: Researchers studying populations of lizards from the genus Gallotia on the Canary Islands compared the protein cytochrome B in different populations. The table shows the number of differences in the cytochrome B protein between different populations. Which conclusion about the relatedness of the lizards do the data support?

• G. atlantica and G. stehlini are the least closely related

• G. simonyi and G. bravoana are the most closely related

• G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti palmae are the most closely related

• G. galloti eisentrauti and G. galloti galloti are the least closely related