Unit 8: Evolution Test Review

Cetaceans are whales and their relatives. The diagram shows some fossils of cetaceans. Which statement provides the best evidence that Ambulocetus natans is an ancestor of Basilosaurus isis?

• Homologous structures occur in each fossil.

• Similar nitrogenous bases are found in the DNA of each fossil.

• The fossils were found in different locations.

• The youngest fossil is larger than the older fossils.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

Bactrian camels, dromedaries, llamas, and alpacas are all members of the same taxonomic family, Camelidae. Members of this family all have two toes, no hooves, true canine teeth, and a split upper lip. The family Camelidae originated in North America. The physical features of animals in this family and the family’s geographical origin provide evidence that all these animals -

• Live in the same type of ecosystem

• Have slowly evolved to become herbivores

• Have a common ancestor

• Exchanged DNA at some point in the past.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Which of the following statements are true?

A. Analogous structures are structures found in different species that have similar functions resulting from a common ancestor.

B. Analogous structures are structures found in different species that have similar functions resulting from natural selection.

C. Homologous structures are structures found in different species that have similar anatomical forms, resulting from a common ancestor.

D. Homologous structures are structures found in different species that have similar anatomical forms, resulting from natural selection.

• B & D

• A

• A&C

• B

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

The limbs of several organisms are shown in the illustrations. Scientists sometimes compare the limbs of these organisms to look for evidence of common ancestry. These limbs provide evidence of common ancestry because they -

• Have the same basic structure.

• Perform the same function.

• Are the same size.

• Are parts of mammals.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Which organisms is the LEAST related to the other three organisms?

• Organism 1

• Organism 2

• Organism 3

• Organism 4

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

This cladogram shows the evolutionary relationships among some mammals based on homologous structures. Which statement is supported by this cladogram?

• Hippopotamuses are more closely related to cows than to javelinas.

• Toothed whales are more closely related to mouse deer than to hippopotamuses.

• Javelinas and pigs are more closely related than baleen whales and toothed whales.

• Cows and mouse deer are more closely related than javelinas and pigs.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

The image shows part of the humerus bone in different genera of primates. Which statement is best supported by the observable structures of the different humerus bones.

• The primates lived in similar environments.

• The primates shared a common ancestor.

• The primates interbreed with similar organisms in a population.

• The primates had diets that consisted of similar types of foods.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS4-1