Energy and Matter in Ecosystems

This is what you call all of the living and non-living things in an area.

• population

• community

• ecosystem

• biodiversity

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This is where the energy in an ecosystem comes from.

• sugar

• nutrients

• the sun

• plants

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Which of these is a reason that animals need food?

(select all correct answers)

• food provides energy needed for life processes

• food makes the animals happy

• food provides matter needed for growth

• food provides oxygen

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A wolf kills and eats a fawn. In this case the wolf is _______ .

• predator

• prey

• producer

• scavenger

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In an ecosystem where a species of birds (pine siskins) eats seeds from pine trees, and hawks eat the pine siskins. What would happen if a disease killed all of the hawks?

• The population of pine trees would increase

• The population of pine siskins would increase

• the population of pine siskins would decrease

• There would be no effect

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A farmer has an empty field which he would like to convert to a diverse ecosystem. Which of these solutions would have the greatest effect ?

• Planting one species of tree in the field.

• Do nothing.

• Plant a variety of plants in the field.

• Plant one species of grass, one species of shrub, and one species of tree in the field.

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Which of these would be a stable ecosystem?

• A savanna ecosystem where elephants are over-hunted for their tusks.

• A forest ecosystem where the biodiversity remains about the same over many years.

• A pine plantation where most of the trees have been damaged by beetles.

• A lake where an invasive species of plant is growing and choking out native plants.

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Which of these ecosystems would be most likely to recover from a disturbance?

• A forest that loses many types of trees due to a fire.

• A desert that loses a species of cactus due to a disease.

• An island ecosystem that gets covered in lava from a volcanic eruption.

• A prairie ecosystem that loses one species of wildflower due to a type of fungus.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-5

A type of algae uses photosynthesis to produce sugar. The algae is eaten by several types of animals. Which term best describes the algae?

• prey

• predator

• consumer

• producer

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A species of bird is becoming rare due to over hunting. Which of these solutions would provide the fastest relief for the bird?

• Build nesting boxes for the birds.

• Pass a law limiting the hunting of the bird.

• Plant a species of shrub whose berries the bird eats.

• Remove natural predators of the bird.

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