Which factor can affect the epigenome?

all of these factors can affect the epigenome

A mutation within the promoter region has occurred. What would potentially happen to transcription rate?

Mutated promoters can increase or decrease the rate of transcription.

Mutated promoters decrease the rate of transcription.

Mutated promoters increase the rate of transcription.

Mutated promoters cease transcription of the adjacent gene.

The lactose operon is likely to be transcribed when

the cyclic AMP and lactose levels are both high within the cell.

there is more glucose in the cell than lactose.

there is glucose but no lactose in the cell.

the cAMP level is high and the lactose level is low.

What is the function of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

to help protect the mRNA from degradation and exist longer in the cytoplasm

to add modified guanin to the 3' end of the mRNA

to indicate the site of translational termination

to code for the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA

Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have plasmids. What are plasmids?

small extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules

large extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, linear DNA molecules

large extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules

small extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, linear DNA molecules

Describe the difference between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.

synthesis continuity: leading = continuous & lagging = discontinuous

directionality: leading = 3' -> 5', lagging = 5' -> 3'

synthesis continuity: leading = discontinuous & lagging = continuous

directionality: leading = 5' -> 3', lagging = 3' -> 5'

All of the following are true about DNA methylation EXCEPT

when it occurs, transcription is more likely to occur

chromatin becomes more tightly packed

In eukaryotes, a cluster of proteins that assemble on the promoter is called the

transcription initiation complex

Which of the following are types of post-transcriptional control of genes in eukaryotes?

alternative RNA splicing or processing

gene silencing through RNA interference

destruction of ubiquitin tagged proteins

Alternative RNA splicing involves

removing introns and splicing different exons together

removing introns and splicing the same exons together

removing exons and splicing the same introns together

removing exons and splicing different introns together

In his transformation experiments , what did Griffith observe?

Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.

Infecting mice with nonpathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strains.

Based your answer on the figure: A mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

an accumulation of A and B and no production of C

RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?

3ʹ → 5ʹ along the template strand

3ʹ → 5ʹ along the coding (sense) strand

A frameshift mutation could result from

either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

They often delete things that organisms need.

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

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UNIT 6 Review AP BIO

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

coding DNA.

structural genes.

non-coding DNA and structural genes.

non-coding DNA.

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How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

The lac operon genes only become expressed if:

The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the

what does a promoter do?

Epigenetics modulates genetic expression:

Translation is a process where:

Transcription factors are produced by:

A traumatic event experienced by an organism can affect the health of its children and grandchildren. This can happen through inherited:

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

A lack of this nonprotein molecule would result in the inability of the cell to "turn off" genes:

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