Quiz about AP Bio Review of Unit 6

Question 1

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though they look and perform completely different?

Accepted Answer

The proteins expressed in each cell are different

Answer

The two different cells become mutated

Answer

They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

Answer

The genome of the different cells changes

Question 2

The lac operon genes only become expressed if:

Accepted Answer

lactose binds to the repressor

Answer

glucose binds to the repressor

Answer

lactose binds to the operator

Answer

the repressor binds to the operator

Question 3

The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the

Accepted Answer

operator

Answer

promoter

Answer

repressor

Answer

gene

Question 4

What does a promoter do?

Accepted Answer

it allows a gene to be transcribed

Answer

it creates a DNA segment

Answer

it is another word for ribosomes

Answer

it is another word for RNA

Question 5

Translation is a process where:

Accepted Answer

a polypeptide sequence is produced from a sequence of mRNA codons.

Answer

a polypeptide sequence is produced from a sequence of rRNA codons.

Answer

a polypeptide sequence is produced from a sequence of tRNA codons.

Answer

a DNA nucleotide sequence is used to produce mRNA codon sequence.

Question 6

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

Accepted Answer

all of these factors can affect the epigenome

Answer

nutrition

Answer

exercise

Answer

stress

Question 7

A mutation within the promoter region has occurred. What would potentially happen to transcription rate?

Accepted Answer

Mutated promoters can increase or decrease the rate of transcription.

Answer

Mutated promoters decrease the rate of transcription.

Answer

Mutated promoters increase the rate of transcription.

Answer

Mutated promoters cease transcription of the adjacent gene.

Question 8

Attachment of ______ groups to ______ will cause promotion of gene expression due to looser DNA.

Accepted Answer

acetyl, histones

Answer

acetyl, DNA

Answer

methyl, DNA

Answer

methyl, histones

Question 9

All of the following occur before mature RNA is formed except:

Accepted Answer

Addition of a release factor

Answer

Addition of a poly-A tail

Answer

Addition of a 3' cap

Answer

Removal of introns

Answer

Alternative splicing

Question 10

The protein that functions in unwinding DNA strands before replication occurs is called:

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Single-strand binding proteins

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Spliceosome

Question 11

What type of gene control is shown in this image?

Accepted Answer

post translational control

Answer

processing control

Answer

transcriptional control

Answer

mRNA stability control

Question 12

Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription?

Accepted Answer

AUGCUU

Answer

ATGCTT

Answer

GCATCC

Answer

GCAUCC

Question 13

The parts of a gene that do NOT code for amino acids in a protein are called

Accepted Answer

introns

Answer

exons

Answer

codons

Answer

anticodons

Question 14

What is the function of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

Accepted Answer

to help protect the mRNA from degradation so it can exist longer in the cytoplasm

Answer

to add modified guanine to the 3' end of the mRNA

Answer

to indicate the site of translational termination

Answer

to code for the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA

Question 15

What amino acid sequence will be produced based on the mRNA codon sequence
5'-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3'

Accepted Answer

met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu

Answer

met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser

Answer

met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu

Answer

met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu

Question 16

Prokaryotes have plasmids. What are plasmids?

Accepted Answer

small extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules

Answer

large extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, linear DNA molecules

Answer

large extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, circular DNA molecules

Answer

small extra-chromosomal, double-stranded, linear DNA molecules

Question 17

Which enzyme is responsible for relaxing supercoiling in front of the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

topoisomerase

Answer

helicase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

ligase

Question 18

Describe the difference between the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands.

Accepted Answer

synthesis continuity: leading = continuous & lagging = discontinuous

Answer

directionality: leading = 3' -> 5', lagging = 5' -> 3'

Answer

synthesis continuity: leading = discontinuous & lagging = continuous

Answer

directionality: leading = 5' -> 3', lagging = 3' -> 5'

Question 19

Identify which molecule binds to the promoter region

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

Helicase

Question 20

A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase

Accepted Answer

repressor

Answer

regulator

Answer

activator

Answer

corepressor

Question 21

All of the following are true about DNA methylation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

when it occurs, transcription is more likely to occur

Answer

takes place on the DNA

Answer

enzymes add a methyl group

Answer

chromatin becomes more tightly packed

Question 22

In the trp operon, __ acts as a __ and helps the repressor bind to the operator.

Accepted Answer

tryptophan, corepressor

Answer

tryptophan, inducer

Answer

lactose, corepressor

Answer

lactose, inducer

Question 23

Which of the following are types of post-transcriptional control of genes in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Answer

alternative RNA splicing or processing

Answer

gene silencing through RNA interference

Answer

destruction of ubiquitin tagged proteins

Question 24

Which of the following polypeptides is coded for by the following

mRNA sequence:

AUG GUU AAA CGA CAA UCC

Accepted Answer

Met, Val, Lys, Arg, Gln, Ser

Answer

Val, Lys, Phe, Gly, Ser

Answer

Met Asp, Phe, Ala, Arg

Answer

Ile, Gln, Lys, Asp, Gln, Ser

Question 25

In his transformation experiments, what did Griffith observe?

Accepted Answer

Mixing a heat-killed pathogenic strain of bacteria with a living nonpathogenic strain can convert some of the living cells into the pathogenic form.

Answer

Infecting mice with nonpathogenic strains of bacteria makes them resistant to pathogenic strains.

Question 26

Cytosine makes up 38% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA from an organism.

Approximately what percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

Accepted Answer

12%

Answer

24%

Answer

31%

Answer

38%

Question 27

If a mutation results in a defective enzyme A. Which of the following would be a consequence of that mutation?

Accepted Answer

an accumulation of A and no production of B and C

Answer

an accumulation of A and B and no production of C

Answer

no production of either enzyme

Answer

an accumulation of A, B & C

Question 28

A frameshift mutation could result from

Accepted Answer

either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Answer

a base insertion only.

Answer

a base deletion only.

Question 29

Which enzyme was used to produce the molecule in the Figure?

Accepted Answer

restriction enzyme

Answer

ligase

Answer

helicase

Answer

topoisomerase

Question 30

The segment of DNA shown in the figure has restriction sites I and II, which create restriction fragments A, B, and C. Which of the gels produced by electrophoresis shown below best represents the separation and identity of these fragments?

Accepted Answer

Option B is correct

Answer

A.

Question 31

Why are insertion and deletion mutations so harmful?

Accepted Answer

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

Answer

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

Answer

They often delete things that organisms need.

Answer

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Question 32

What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 33

Which molecule brings the amino acid to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Answer

DNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Question 34

What is the term for making an RNA copy of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Transription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Folding

Answer

Coding

Question 35

What mutation has occurred here?
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Frameshift

Question 36

What type of gene mutation has occurred here? Normal-
AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG
Mutant-
AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G

Accepted Answer

insertion frameshift

Answer

deletion frameshift

Answer

substitution

Answer

nonsense

Question 37

Elongation continues until a __________ enters the ribosome's A site. This signal tells translation to end immediately.

Accepted Answer

stop codon

Answer

start codon

Answer

anticodon

Answer

terminator

Question 38

What process is shown in the image?

Accepted Answer

translation

Answer

transcription

Answer

DNA Synthesis

Answer

DNA Replication

Question 39

Which is a difference between DNA and RNA

Accepted Answer

RNA contains Uracil instead of Thymine

Answer

RNA is double stranded

Answer

RNA is not made of nucleotides

Answer

RNA does not contain a sugar

Question 40

Biotech foods look and taste the same as traditional foods and crops. The only difference is that biotech food has

Accepted Answer

genes with traits that improve something about the plant.

Answer

fewer calories.

Answer

the addition of specific minerals.

Answer

a better chance of surviving a frost during the growing season.

Question 41

An argument in favor of food biotechnology is that it

Accepted Answer

provides more food to feed a growing population.

Answer

provides foods that cure viral diseases.

Answer

provides a cash crop for low income nations.

Answer

biotech foods are not controversial

Question 42

What is a GMO?

Accepted Answer

An organism that has had its DNA modified by humans

Answer

An organism missing a chromosome

Answer

Epigenetics

Answer

A genetically identical organism

Question 43

DNA can be cut, in order to insert it in a different organism, using

Accepted Answer

restriction enzymes

Answer

prescription enzymes

Answer

digestive enzymes

Answer

transcription enzymes

Question 44

When human DNA is inserted into a bacterial plasmid so that the bacteria will make insulin, the plasmid is referred to as

Accepted Answer

recombinant DNA

Answer

transformed DNA

Answer

bacterial DNA

Answer

transcribed DNA

Question 45

This is the practice of producing a genetically identical cell or organism

Accepted Answer

Cloning

Answer

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer

Genetic Engineering

Answer

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 46

This is the practice of cutting DNA and separating it by the size of the pieces

Accepted Answer

Gel Electrophoresis

Answer

Cloning

Answer

Genetic Engineering

Answer

DNA Fingerprinting

Question 47

What is the name of the international effort to sequence all of the DNA from a human?

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project

Answer

The Gene Sequencing Project

Answer

The DNA Fingerprinting Project

Answer

The Nuremberg Trials

Question 48

Which kitten is most likely the offspring of this cat?

Accepted Answer

4

Answer

1

Answer

2

Answer

3

Question 49

What is the process in which an unspecialized stem cell turns into a specialized body cell?

Accepted Answer

Differentiation

Answer

DNA Replication

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Genetic Modification

Question 50

During gel electrophoresis, the _______ pieces of DNA move farthest down the gel

Accepted Answer

lightest

Answer

heaviest

Answer

ugliest

Answer

deadliest

Question 51

What does transgenic mean?

Accepted Answer

An organism that has had another species' DNA put in it

Answer

An organism that can change its genes at will

Answer

A stem cell that can differentiate into anything

Answer

A bacteria that reproduces asexually

Question 52

Which agricultural benefit can biotechnology provide?

Accepted Answer

developing plants that are less sensitive to variations in environmental temperatures

Answer

developing plants that are less dependent on the sun for energy

Answer

developing plants with inheritable traits unrelated to the genetic material they contain

Answer

developing plants that will not die

Question 53

Which of these would be a concern about the use of biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

creation of new pathogens

Answer

making of new vaccines

Answer

increased opportunities for jobs

Answer

increased crop yield

Question 54

Which of the following is true for both bacteria and viruses?

Accepted Answer

both contain genetic material

Answer

can be killed using antibiotics

Answer

have a cell membrane

Answer

have a protein coat

Question 55

Which statement is true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses can reproduce only using a host cell.

Answer

Viruses can eat and metabolize food.

Answer

Viruses can reproduce on their own at any time.

Answer

Viruses contain DNA, so they are alive.

Question 56

One important way to control the spread of viruses in through

Accepted Answer

the use of vaccines

Answer

drinking a lot of tea

Answer

the use of other types of bacteria

Answer

the use of antibiotics

Question 57

Which of these is characteristic of both viruses and bacteria?

Accepted Answer

They contain proteins and nucleic acids.

Answer

They get their energy from their environment.

Answer

They can reproduce on their own.

Answer

They can form crystals and become dormant.

Question 58

Which of the following is a risk of overusing antibiotics to treat infections?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics.

Answer

Antibiotics increase the rate of infection.

Answer

Antibiotics cause other diseases to develop.

Answer

Antibiotics only work once.

Question 59

What process is this?

Accepted Answer

lysogenic cycle

Answer

phagocytosis

Answer

lytic cycle

Answer

formation of antibodies

Question 60

What do viruses need to reproduce?

Accepted Answer

A host cell

Answer

Genetic material

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Insulin

Question 61

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (bursting)?

Accepted Answer

Lytic Cycle

Answer

Lysogenic Cycle

Answer

Binary Fission

Answer

Conjugation

Question 62

Which is most often used to destroy bacteria?

Accepted Answer

antibiotics

Answer

vaccine

Answer

vitamins

Answer

water

AP Bio Review of Unit 6

63 questions

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though they look and perform completely different?

The lac operon genes only become expressed if:

The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the

What does a promoter do?

Translation is a process where:

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

A mutation within the promoter region has occurred. What would potentially happen to transcription rate?

Attachment of groups to will cause promotion of gene expression due to looser DNA.

All of the following occur before mature RNA is formed except:

The protein that functions in unwinding DNA strands before replication occurs is called:

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