Unit 7B Cognition

Which of the following is true of analogies in supporting problem solving?

• Relevant analogies usually help people solve problems, and people do spontaneously think of relevant analogies.

• Relevant analogies usually help people solve problems, but people often do not spontaneously think of relevant analogies.

• Relevant analogies usually hinder people when solving problems, and people do spontaneously think of relevant analogies.

• Relevant analogies usually hinder people when solving problems, but people often do not spontaneously think of relevant analogies

• Relevant analogies neither help nor hinder people when solving problems.

Creativity is most closely associated with which of the following?

• Convergent thinking

• Divergent thinking

• Spatial awareness

• Interpersonal intelligence

• Intrapersonal intelligence

Which of the following statements is true of insight problem solving?

• It involves trying every possible solution until finding the one that works.

• It is only used to solve verbal problems and not spatial ones.

• It can only occur in situations where the problem space is very large.

• It requires an incubation period in which the problem solver can start fresh on the problem.

• It occurs most frequently with well-defined problems.

Maeve wants to change her college major but has decided not to because she is close to finishing. She believes that the time she has spent in her current program will be wasted if she changes now. Maeve is experiencing...

• hindsight boas

• availability bias

• social desirability bias

• the sunk-cost fallacy

• the self-serving bias

Piper reads about someone described as adventurous and extroverted. She then judges that this person is more likely to be a lawyer who enjoys hiking than a lawyer who does not. The best explanation for Piper’s error is that she is basing her judgment on...

• the availability heuristic

• the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic

• the representativness heuristic

• conformation bias

• predictable-world bias

Martine needs a hammer but cannot find one. As she looks around her apartment, her gaze passes over a metal paperweight and some other objects that could potentially serve as a makeshift hammer. However, she is so focused on these objects' typical uses that she does not think to use any of them as a hammer. Martine is experiencing which of the following?

• the fundamental attribution error

• functional fixedness

• blindsight

• the Hawthorne effect

• Repression