Tx Hist-Closing the Frontier

● I was the son of an American woman captured by the Comanche.

● I was the last Chief of the Comanche.

● My tribe roamed West Texas.

● I eventually assimilated into American culture and influenced

other American Indians to do so.

WHO AM I?

• Iron Jacket

• John Wallace

• Peta Nocona

• Quanah Parker

Railroad Track Mileage in Texas

Year: Miles of railroad:

1850 0

1860 470

1870 583

1880 2,440

1890 8,710

1900 9,971

Which geographic change resulted from the pattern shown in the table?

• West Texas’ population grew larger than that of East Texas.

• American Indian tribes were relocated.

• New cities grew up along the rail lines.

• Texas became a primary producer of cotton.

From 1860-1900 which of the following most characterized society in Texas?

• Independence from Mexico and democratic government

• Women and African Americans fighting for civil rights

• Cattle drives and wars with American Indian tribes

• Drilling for oil and developing an export economy

An end to the traditional lifestyle of many American Indians came about during Reconstruction

when —

• a number of the tribes established large ranches

• the last tribes moved westward to find buffalo

• a majority of the tribes adopted Christianity

• the last bands of tribes were moved to reservations

In addition to the availability of land, which factor facilitated the settlement of the Texas

frontier?

• Legislation passed to forbid use of barbed wire

• Establishment of forts in West Texas

• Demand for beef in eastern & northern states

• Increased investment in schools

How did the end of the Civil War affect the cattle industry?

• The demand for beef in the North-East brought rapid growth to the industry.

• Much of the land used for grazing was destroyed in the war.

• The loss in the Confederacy brought many cowboys to the cattle industry.

• Farmers had to move west and take land needed for grazing.

One consequence of the use of barbed wired fencing on the frontier of Texas included —

• a decline in the number of cattle ranches

• the introduction of rodeos

• an increase in conflicts with American Indian tribes

• the end of the cattle drives

One way that Governor James Hogg worked to protect Texans from unfair business practice was

by —

• signing legislation that established the Attorney General’s office

• prosecuting corrupt leaders in the oil industry

• working to bring an end to the range wars in West Texas

• supporting the creation of the Texas Railroad Commission

The range wars of the late 1800s in Texas were caused by —

• railroad companies building on American Indian lands

• immigrants moving onto lands in West Texas

• ranchers fencing land with barbed wire

• sharecroppers claiming public lands

Which statement best describes how climate affected economic development in West Texas?

• Hurricanes damaged farms and railroads built in the area so few businesses located there.

• The arid humid conditions made the region perfect for establishing cotton farms.

• The region is too dry to support farming, so ranching became more prominent.

• Constant threats of large thunderstorms make it difficult to farm in this area.