AP Bio Unit 5 Test Review

Within a forest ecosystem, there is a large amount of diversity among members of a warbler species. Of the following stages of meiosis illustrated for a typical cell, which contributes most to diversity among the warblers?

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Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant genetic trait that causes severe malformation of the skeleton. Homozygotes for this condition are spontaneously aborted (hence, the homozygous condition is lethal) but heterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed.

Matthew has a family history of the condition, although he does not express the trait. Jane is an achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism.

The genotypes of Matthew and Jane are best represented as

• Matthew - AA / Jane - Aa

• Matthew - Aa / Jane - aa

• Matthew - aa / Jane - aa

• Matthew - aa / Jane - Aa

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Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant genetic trait that causes severe malformation of the skeleton. Homozygotes for this condition are spontaneously aborted (hence, the homozygous condition is lethal) but heterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed.

Matthew has a family history of the condition, although he does not express the trait. Jane is an achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism.

The probability that Matthew and Jane’s first child will be an achondroplastic dwarf is

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 75%

• 100%

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Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominant genetic trait that causes severe malformation of the skeleton. Homozygotes for this condition are spontaneously aborted (hence, the homozygous condition is lethal) but heterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed.

Matthew has a family history of the condition, although he does not express the trait. Jane is an achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and Jane are planning a family of several children and want to know the chances of producing a child with achondroplastic dwarfism. If three children are born to Matthew and Jane, what are the chances that the first two children will not express the trait but that the third child will be an achondroplastic dwarf?

• 5/8

• 4/8

• 3/8

• 1/8

• 1/16

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An African violet grower observes that genetically identical African violet plants growing near the walls of the greenhouse have white flowers, that plants growing farther away from the walls have pale blue flowers, and that plants growing nearest the center of the greenhouse have dark blue flowers.

Which of the following best explains the differences in flower color of the African violets in the greenhouse?

• Warmer temperatures result in genotypic alterations, which result in flower color differences.

• The plants along the walls of the greenhouse are homozygous recessive and therefore have white flowers.

• An enzyme responsible for flower color does not fold correctly in cooler temperatures, and the greenhouse is warmest in the center.

• More light is available along the walls of the greenhouse, so the flowers need less pigment to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis.

In dogs, one pair of alleles determines coat color (dark and albino). Another pair of alleles determines hair length (short and long). Thus, each gamete will contain one of the coat-color alleles, C or c and one of the hair-length alleles, B or b. In repeated crosses of a specific dark, short-haired dog with an albino, long-haired dog, all the offspring were dark with short hair, as shown in cross I. However, in subsequent crosses of another dark, short-haired dog with a dark, long-haired dog, the ratios shown in cross II below were obtained.

In cross II, the genotype of the dark, short-haired parent is

• CcBb

• ccbb

• CCBB

• CCbb

• ccBB

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In dogs, one pair of alleles determines coat color (dark and albino). Another pair of alleles determines hair length (short and long). Thus, each gamete will contain one of the coat-color alleles, C or c and one of the hair-length alleles, B or b. In repeated crosses of a specific dark, short-haired dog with an albino, long-haired dog, all the offspring were dark with short hair, as shown in cross I. However, in subsequent crosses of another dark, short-haired dog with a dark, long-haired dog, the ratios shown in cross II below were obtained.

Which of the following is probably the genotype of the dark, short-haired parent in cross I?

• CcBb

• ccbb

• CCBB

• CCbb

• ccBB

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In dogs, one pair of alleles determines coat color (dark and albino). Another pair of alleles determines hair length (short and long). Thus, each gamete will contain one of the coat-color alleles, C or c and one of the hair-length alleles, B or b. In repeated crosses of a specific dark, short-haired dog with an albino, long-haired dog, all the offspring were dark with short hair, as shown in cross I. However, in subsequent crosses of another dark, short-haired dog with a dark, long-haired dog, the ratios shown in cross II below were obtained.

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship of the dark-coat-color allele to the albino condition?

• It is dominant

• It is recessive

• It is codominant

• It is a polygenetic inheritance pattern

• The alleles are linked

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The data above represent the results of three different crosses involving the inheritance of a gene that determines whether a certain organism is blue or white. Which of the following best explains the mechanism of inheritance of the gene?

• The allele for white is an autosomal dominant allele because a 1:1phenotype ratio of blue to white among both sexes is observed in cross 3.

• The allele for blue is an autosomal dominant allele because an approximate 3:1phenotype ratio of blue to white is observed in cross 1.

• The allele for white is an X-linked dominant allele because no white females are produced in cross 1.

• The allele for blue is an X-linked dominant allele because there are no blue male offspring in cross 2.

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A blue-flowered African violet of unknown ancestry self-pollinated and produced 50 seeds. These seeds germinate and grow into flowering plants. Of these plants, 36 produce blue flowers and 14 produce pink flowers. What is the best explanation for the pink-flowered offspring?

• Blue flowers are incompletely dominant to pink flowers.

• Pink flower color is a trait recessive to blue flower color.

• Pink flower color is the result of somatic mutations in the flower color gene.

• A previous generation of the blue-flowered parent must have included 50 percent pinkflowered plants.

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