Walls APUSH Ch 29 30 RQ

To know every detail of the oil trade… this was John D. Rockefeller's ideal of doing business. It seemed to be an intellectual necessity for him to be able to direct the course of any particular gallon of oil from the moment it gushed from the earth until it went into the lamp of a housewife. There must be nothing — nothing in his great machine he did not know to be working right. It was to complete this ideal…that he undertook to organize the oil markets of the world... Mr. Rockefeller was driven to this new task of organization…by that thing so abhorrent to his mind — competition. If, as he claimed, the oil business belonged to him…it followed as a corollary that the markets of the world belonged to him.

From Ida Tarbell, The History of Standard Oil Company, 1904

What commonly held concept was being challenged by Ida Tarbell in this excerpt?

• Social Darwinism

• Populism

• Vertical Integration

• Conspicuous Consumption

To know every detail of the oil trade… this was John D. Rockefeller's ideal of doing business. It seemed to be an intellectual necessity for him to be able to direct the course of any particular gallon of oil from the moment it gushed from the earth until it went into the lamp of a housewife. There must be nothing — nothing in his great machine he did not know to be working right. It was to complete this ideal…that he undertook to organize the oil markets of the world... Mr. Rockefeller was driven to this new task of organization…by that thing so abhorrent to his mind — competition. If, as he claimed, the oil business belonged to him…it followed as a corollary that the markets of the world belonged to him.

From Ida Tarbell, The History of Standard Oil Company, 1904

What was an outcome of Tarbell and others’ efforts to improve economic and working conditions?

• The federal government adopted a laissez-faire approach

• Labor conditions worsened due to governmental neglect

• The federal government began to regulate business and labor practices

• US businesses began to seek markets for products outside the US

“Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These men could not be shown to the visitor – for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in the tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting – sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out into the world as Dunham’s Pure Beef Lard!”

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906

The working conditions described in the excerpt were most directly caused which of the following developments in the Gilded Age?

• A lack of government regulation due to laissez-faire economic policies

• The growth and success of Progressive muckrakers

• The active presidencies of Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft

• The power wielded by political machines in major cities

“Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These men could not be shown to the visitor – for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in the tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting – sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out into the world as Dunham’s Pure Beef Lard!”

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906

Sinclair’s writing contributed most directly to which of the following trends?

• Increased deregulation of major industries

• Greater government regulation to protect workers and consumers

• Civil service reforms to end corruption in government

• An increase in government’s responsiveness to the people through direct election

“Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These men could not be shown to the visitor – for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in the tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting – sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out into the world as Dunham’s Pure Beef Lard!”

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906

Sinclair’s writing could be used as evidence to support which of the following arguments?

• Progressivism was a grassroots movement led by the working class.

• Progressivism was led by government officials and benefitted the wealthy.

• Progressivism was led by educated, middle-class whites to benefit both the lower and middle classes.

• Progressivism was led by factory owners to improve their profit margins.

“Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These men could not be shown to the visitor – for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in the tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting – sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out into the world as Dunham’s Pure Beef Lard!”

Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906

Based on Upton Sinclair’s depiction, which of the following most directly was a result?

• Mugwumps became successful at blocking corruption caused by political machines.

• Factories were forced to close and increased unemployment and crime occurred in Chicago.

• Muckrakers became feared by major corporations and industries.

• Congress responded by passing a series of acts to protect the American consumer.

“I believe in corporations. If a corporation is doing square work I will help it so far as I can. If it oppresses anybody; if it is acting dishonestly towards its stockholders or the public, or towards its laborers, or towards small competitors – why, when I have power I shall try to cinch it.”

Letter from President Theodore Roosevelt to Ray Stannard Baker, August 27, 1904

The excerpt was written most directly in response to which of the following?

• Roosevelt’s determination to break-up trusts that crushed free competition between companies

• Roosevelt’s practice of utilizing the muckrakers to draw public attention to issues of national importance

• The policy of Conservative Republicans to safeguard all major businesses from government interference

• The call of Imperialists to extend American businesses overseas in order to increase American trade

In the early 1900s which of the following most contributed to the ideas expressed in President Roosevelt’s letter?

• The passage of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• The creation of the Interstate Commerce Commission

• Investigative reporting by muckraking journalists

• The campaign platform of the Populist Party