APES urbanization mining forestry

Soil, vegetation, & rocks that are removed to get to an ore deposit below

• reserve

• ore

• overburden

• tailings

Commercially valuable deposits of concentrated minerals

• tailings

• ore

• overburden

• metals

Reclamation is.....

• not required in the US.
• a process that causes significant environmental damage.
• returning the land back to its original condition after mining
• required for every country and every type of mine in the world.

Why mine tailings can be dangerous

• can cause miners to trip

• can be full of sharp objects

• can cause acid to leach into water bodies

• are full of conflict minerals

For many years, forest fires were suppressed to protect lives and property. This policy has lead to

• a build up of dead biomass that can fuel larger fires

• many forest species being able to live without having their habitats destroyed

• soil erosion on steep slopes

• economic instability

Tailings are

• minerals found in metamorphic rock
• magma ore resulting from seafloor spreading
• the remaining supply of metals on Earth
• the waste material from mining

Acid mine drainage causes

• air pollution
• water pollution 
• subsidence
• erosion

When machines dig very deep large holes with machines is the definition of: 

• Open Pit Mining 
• Strip Mining 
• Surface Mining 
• Subsurface Mining

A technique sometimes used in forest management, farming, or prairie restoration to improve habitat and reduce wildfire risk.

• Selective Cutting

• Controlled Burn

• Thinning

• Clear Cutting

A very destructive form of coal-mining which uses explosives and deposits mine tailings and overburden in valleys, damaging stream flows and groundwater.

• subsurface minings

• strip mining

• placer mining

• mountaintop removal