German professor of theology, priest, author, composer, Augustinian monk, and a seminal figure in the Reformation

• Martin Luther

• John Calvin

• Henry VIII

• Pope Leo X

Scottish economist and philosopher known as ''The Father of Economics'' or ''The Father of Capitalism

• David Hume

• Adam Smith

• Thomas Paine

• David Tennant

American statesman and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. Wrote the Declaration of Independence.

• George Washington

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• Benjamin Franklin

British political philosopher responsible for claiming that all men have natural rights - life, liberty, and property- and that the government's role is to protect those rights.

• Adam Smith

• Thomas Hobbes

• Baron de Montesquieu

• John Locke

Swiss-born philosopher, writer, and political theorist who believed that civilization was corrupting and that man must give up freedoms to live in society.

• Voltaire

• Montesquieu

• Jean-Jacques Rousseau

• Copernicus

Italian astronomer, physicist and engineer who championed heliocentrism, confirmed the phases of Venus, observed the four largest satellites of Jupiter, Saturn's rings, and the analysis of sunspots.

• Galileo

• Copernicus

• Tycho Brahe

• Johannes Kepler

Polish mathematician and astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model in which the earth orbits the sun.

• Galileo

• Copernicus

• Kepler

• Tycho Brahe

Known as the Sun King, this French monarch was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe.

• Napoleon

• Peter the Great

• Louis XIV

• Baron de Montesquieu

1682-1725 - Tsar responsible for Westernizing and modernizing Russia based on Enlightenment ideas and values.

• Cathering the Great

• Peter the Great

• Voltaire

• Robespierre

French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led several successful campaigns during the Revolutionary Wars. Emperor of the French from 1804 until 1814, and again in 1815

• Louis XIV

• Voltaire

• Robespierre

• Napoleon