Reproduction - NYS Regents Review

The human female reproductive cycle is regulated primarily by the

• white blood cells of the circulatory system

• muscle cells of the skeletal system

• enzymes of the digestive system

• hormones of the endocrine system

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The process of sexual reproduction is an important part of the process of evolution. One reason for this is that meiosis and fertilization directly produce many new

• antigens

• variations

• species

• pathogens

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The diagram represents some stages in the process of development.

Stage 2 represents a cell that

• contains half the genetic material of an adult cell

• shows clear evidence of tissue differentiation

• has the complete genetic information to form an adult

• is genetically identical to one of the parents that produced it

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The diagram represents the human female reproductive system.

State one way a complete blockage at location X would affect the reproductive process.

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Reproductive Adaptations of Mammals

Mammals have unique reproductive adaptations that have contributed to their evolutionary success. One of the distinguishing characteristics of mammals is their mammary glands, which allow for the production of milk. Even the more primitive mammals, such as the duck-billed platypus and the kangaroo, have some type of mammary glands. However, only the placental mammals (e.g. humans, horses, dogs) have a placenta, which supports the internal development of the embryo. The most primitive mammals have no placenta and can’t support the internal development of the embryo.

Explain how the mammary glands contribute to the reproductive success of mammals.

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Reproductive Adaptations of Mammals

Mammals have unique reproductive adaptations that have contributed to their evolutionary success. One of the distinguishing characteristics of mammals is their mammary glands, which allow for the production of milk. Even the more primitive mammals, such as the duck-billed platypus and the kangaroo, have some type of mammary glands. However, only the placental mammals (e.g. humans, horses, dogs) have a placenta, which supports the internal development of the embryo. The most primitive mammals have no placenta and can’t support the internal development of the embryo.

Describe one function of the placenta found in mammals such as humans, horses, and dogs.

Sexually reproducing organisms pass on genetic information as a

• long chain of amino acids

• complex series of inorganic proteins

• sequence of complex sugars

• sequence of the bases A, T, C, and G

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Which statement regarding these methods of reproduction is correct?

• They are both forms of asexual reproduction.

• They are both forms of sexual reproduction.

• Method A is a form of asexual reproduction and method B is a form of sexual reproduction.

• Method A is a form of sexual reproduction and method B is a form of asexual reproduction.

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Which process takes place in both method A and method B?

• meiosis

• mitosis

• fertilization

• recombination

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How does the ability to produce 3000 to 6500 eggs benefit the species?

• It decreases the opportunity for more frogs to compete for limited resources.

• More offspring are likely to survive and reproduce.

• The offspring will be more widely distributed by fast-moving water.

• The chances for asexual reproduction in the frogs will increase.

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