Motives and Goals

The cognitive representation of a desired state or outcome is called a(n) ______.

• incentive

• motive

• drive state

• goal

Alicia volunteers on the alumni committee for her graduating class because she enjoys the work. She is driven to do this work by ______motivation.

• goal-related

• intrinsic

• emotion-focused

• altruistic

Dr. Gelista has agreed to take on an extra class this semester because she needs the extra money. Dr. Gelista is driven by ______motivation.

• egoistic

• extrinsic

• intrinsic

• primary

A person considers the goal in the ________ phase and then puts it into practice in the ______ phase.

• deliberative; implementation

• implementation; deliberative

• contemplative; action

• action; contemplative

Leonard plans to go to medical school but does not realize that he is doing this just to win the approval of his father. In this case, Leonard is motivated by ______ goal pursuits.

• preconscious

• sanctioned

• ego-based

• nonconscious

Which of the following is the best example of self-regulation?

• Tessa is going to the doctor today, but is very anxious about the visit.

• Ricardo tends to fly off the handle very easily and these episodes have caused him problems in the past.

• Martha is angry that her professor assigned a long paper, but decides to see it as a challenge and begins feeling better

• Victoria tends to fall asleep in her morning class because she works at night.

According to the value x expectancy model, the two facets that determine your motivation are:

• your family members and your friends.

• the balance of intrinsic and extrinsic motives.

• your past experiences and your cultural background.

• the worth and attainability of the goal.

5-year old Adrienne is told that she has to wait 30 minutes before she can have dinner, which she finds difficult. After dinner she is told she has to wait 15 minutes for dessert, but she sneaks into the kitchen to take a cookie. Adrienne is demonstrating ______.

• focal retention

• goal-based counterbalancing

• ego-depletion

• exhaustive regulation

Yolanda has three exams to take. Instead of studying only for her major class, she switches between the three topics. This demonstrates the process of:

• balancing between goals.

• the overwhelm effect.

• increasing goal investment.

• the pressure-distraction effect.

The sense that a goal is both attainable and valuable gives rise to ______.

• achievement

• commitment

• construction

• moratorium