TOPIC 19 DAY 2 SPECIFIC IMMUNE DEFENSES

After an initial infection, memory B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response?

• The memory B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.

• The memory B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.

• The memory B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.

• The memory B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.

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The inflammatory response is one of the immune system’s nonspecific responses to infection. How does the inflammatory response act as a defense against infection?

• The high body temperature kills the disease-causing bacteria.

• Oil and sweat on the surface of the skin inhibit bacterial growth.

• Body heat destroys cellular proteins needed by the invaders to reproduce.

• Release of histamine increases blood flow, which brings white blood cells.

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Two types of white blood cells are macrophages and natural killer cells. How are the roles of a macrophage and a natural killer cell different?

• Macrophages target specific cells, while natural killer cells kill all pathogens.

• Macrophages ingest pathogens and dead cells, while natural killer cells only target cancer cells.

• Macrophages attack lymph cells, and natural killer cells clean up debris from dead cells.

• Macrophages ingest and kill pathogens, while natural killer cells puncture the cell membranes of infected cells.

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The human immune system can produce a specific response or a nonspecific response to infection. Which of the following is a specific immune response of the human immune system?

• Helper T cell activating B cells

• inflammatory response

• mucous membrane

• interferon release

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Although vaccines cannot be used to treat a person who is sick, they can help to prevent infections. Vaccinations tell the body to create "memory cells", which will function later to create antibodies against certain pathogens. When a person is vaccinated, what are they injected with?

• antibodies to a disease bacterium

• live, inactive viruses

• weakened viruses or antigens from the virus

• blood from a person who has had the disease

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Which of the following describes a way that a person's health can be affected by heredity?

• A person with a family history of obesity is more likely to catch a common cold.

• A person with a family history of high blood pressure is more likely to have heart disease.

• A person with a family history of obesity is less likely to enroll in a weight loss plan.

• A person with a family history of cancer is less likely to be screened for cancer.

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