Thinking and Intelligence

Rylee has moved to a new city and is visiting the doctor for the first time. Even though she’s never been before, she goes to the check-in counter first and then waits patiently in the waiting room chairs. She does this because

• she watches everyone else in the room first to ensure that is the appropriate behavior.

• she observes the layout of the room and creates a new concept for doctor’s offices, then acts accordingly.

• she has a role schema for how a patient behaves in a waiting room.

• she already has a concept for doctors' offices and automatically applies that to the new office.

4-year old Jada is learning about animals. Her prototype for amphibians is most likely a

• frog.

• toad.

• newt.

• Salamander.

The best example of a concept is a

• Archetype.

• prototype.

• category.

• schema.

Officially, insects are a class of invertebrates with a three-part body (head, thorax, and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes, and one pair of antennae. This description is a

• category.

• cognitive script.

• artificial concept.

• natural concept.

________ concepts are the ones we know through experience.

• Artificial

• Prototypic

• Heuristic

• Natural

Using algorithms to solve problems can be compared to

• following the instruction manual.

• trial and error

• trying to solve it first, then working backward if you get stuck.

• following your gut instinct.

________ provide step-by-step instructions for solving a problem or performing a task.

• Rules of thumb

• Algorithms

• Working backward

• Heuristics

Which is the faster technique for solving a problem?

• Algorithms

• Heuristics

• Trial-and-error

• Problem identification

^{Miranda has to make a decision but has a ton of information and not a lot of time. Which problem-solving strategy should she use?}

• Algorithms.

• brainstorming.

• trial-and-error.

• heuristics.

Leini is working on building a bookshelf in her backyard when she gets a terrible itch on her back. She gripes about not being able to reach it and goes inside to look for a back-scratcher or a kitchen spoon. She could have just used the hammer she was holding in her hand, but she didn’t think of that. This is an example of

• functional fixedness.

• availability bias.

• salience.

• confirmation bias.