Chapter 8 Test Review

Eli Whitney became famous because he invented-

• the telegraph

• the sewing machine

• the cotton gin

• the mechanical reaper

Which supporting detail best supports the idea that Samuel Slater played an important role in the technological advances of the late 1700s and early 1800s?

• Samuel Slater worked with Cyrus McCormick to help McCormick invent the mechanical reaper.

• Samuel Slater had the idea of using young women called “mill girls” to work in the new textile mills.

• Samuel Slater learned how to make weaving machines. His machines were used in a large Massachusetts factory that opened in 1811.

• Samuel Slater brought his knowledge of how to build a spinning machine to the United States. His machines became the basis of a factory in Rhode Island.

Which of the following best completes the graphic organizer?

• Businesses saw a decrease in profits.

• Americans moved from the East to the West.

• Goods were produced faster and more easily.

• Workers moved from towns to the countryside.

Read the passage. Then answer the question.

A new waterway made it much faster to move farm goods from the Ohio River valley to eastern cities. A new technology allowed boats to travel against the currents of rivers. A new means of transportation made it possible to build new routes nearly anywhere, rather than having to follow rivers or canals.

Which of the following correctly identifies the three transportation improvements described above?

• The Erie Canal, the steamboat, and the railroad

• The cotton gin, the Erie Canal, and the telegraph

• The steamboat, the mechanical reaper, and the railroad

• The Erie Canal, the steamboat, and the spinning machine

Which of the following details supports the main idea that certain changes that occurred during the Industrial Revolution led to conflict among people in the United States?

• Railroads were expensive to build and run, but they allowed people to move faster.

• Young women who worked in New England factories had to live apart from their families.

• After the federal government built the National Road, settlers moved into the Ohio Valley.

• The growth of railroads led to new towns that formed along the tracks, where migrants settled.

Which of the following presents a correct sequence of events that led to statehood for Texas?

• Following the idea of manifest destiny, the United States Army defeated the Mexican army in Texas in 1836. In 1845, Congress voted to annex Texas, and later that year it became a state. American families began to settle there.

• The Mexican government was angry because American settlers in Texas had brought enslaved Africans with them. The Mexican army took over all of Texas in 1845. Texas would not become a state for nearly 50 years.

• Large numbers of American settlers moved into Mexico’s Texas territory. They built ranches and farms and grew wealthy. In a peaceful exchange, the United States bought Texas from Mexico for $20 million in 1845.

• American families began to settle in Texas in the 1820s. The settlers were unhappy with the Mexican government. The Texans fought and defeated the Mexican army and then gained their independence. In 1845, the United States annexed Texas.

Which of the following best describes how slavery influenced the American settlement of Texas?

• The Mexican government had banned slavery in 1829, so no slaves were taken to Texas.

• Escaped slaves from the southern states fled to Texas, where they established an independent republic.

• Many of the American settlers in Texas came from the South. Many took their slaves with them. Mexico had banned slavery earlier, so slavery caused tension between the American settlers and the Mexican government.

• Mexico had banned slavery before the American settlers arrived. But when the Mexican government saw that the Americans’ cotton farms were successful because of the labor of slaves, it passed a law that made slavery legal again.

Look at the map. Then answer the question.

Which area of the map identifies Texas? What important event involving that territory happened in 1845?

• Area number 3 is the territory of Texas. In 1845, the United States purchased the territory from Mexico for $15 million.

• Area number 3 is the territory of Texas. In 1845, the United States annexed this area, and Texas became a state.

• Area number 4 is the territory of Texas. In 1845, the United States annexed this area, and Texas became a state.

• Area number 4 is the territory of Texas. In 1845, Mexico defeated the United States in the Mexican War, and Texas became a permanent part of Mexico.

Why did many Americans oppose the annexation of Texas?

• Americans living in Texas believed that annexing Texas would violate the terms of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

• Americans living in surrounding areas were afraid that annexing Texas would trigger a revolution by Mexicans living there.

• Americans living in the northern states did not want to admit another slave state to the Union.

• Americans living in the West feared that annexing Texas would make tensions worse between them and American Indian groups.

What happened at the Battle of the Alamo?

• A small group of Texans, led by Stephen Austin, fought and won a fierce battle against the Mexican army.

• An army of Texans, led by Sam Houston, defeated the Mexican army, led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.

• The Mexican army, led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, defeated a brave group of Texans who were defending a fort.

• The Texas Revolution came to an end as the Texas cavalry, under the leadership of Davy Crockett, captured Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.