Spring Benchmark Review

Which box lists 3 factors that contributed the most to the rapid industrialization and urbanization of the United States?

• Fertile soil, mild climate, unskilled labor

• Money to invest in new businesses, new systems of transportation, many new workers

• Telegraph, policies favoring natives over immigrants, cotton gin

• Protective tariffs, plenty of new land for settlement, slavery

Which U.S. document guarantees protection against these injustices?

• The Constitution

• The Declaration of Independence

• The Articles of Confederation

• The Mayflower Compact

What effect did technological advances—such as the steamboat, cotton gin, telegraph, and the introduction of interchangeable parts—have on the American economy?

• They lowered the average quality of American manufactured goods.

• They decreased the number of American manufactured goods.

• They reduced the need for unskilled workers in manufacturing.

• They brought down the price of many manufactured goods.

Which document completes this excerpt?

• Declaration of Independence

• Treaty of Ghent

• Northwest Ordinance

• Louisiana Purchase Treaty

Why did slavery become a widespread practice in the United States during the early nineteenth century?

• The system of indentured servitude was banned.

• The need for agricultural labor increased as a result of expanded cotton production.

• Improved transportation systems made it easier for workers to migrate.

• Advancements in technology led to the need for skilled workers.

One way the U.S. Constitution establishes limits on U.S. government is by —

• establishing rules for naturalization

• defining the powers of elected leaders

• allowing the government to collect taxes

• requiring voters to show proof of identification

As shown on the graph, immigrants to the United States in the mid-1800s mainly came from two parts of Europe. Which of these were reasons why most immigrants came from those areas?

• They were brought to the United States forcibly as slaves.

• They came to the United States to escape the destruction of war.

• They came seeking greater freedom of religion.

• They came to escape starvation from crop failure and seek economic opportunity.

What was one effect of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850?

• The Republican Party lost influence in the federal legislature.

• The Missouri Compromise was deemed unconstitutional by federal courts.

• Tensions among the populations of northern and southern states increased.

• Immigrants were forced to relocate from eastern cities to western territories.

In Marbury v. Madison, the Supreme Court first stated the principle that –

• Only the courts may regulate interstate commerce

• The president may veto federal legislation

• The courts may declare a federal law unconstitutional

• Only the president may issue an executive order

Which change occurred as a direct result of these developments?

• A reduction in the number of skilled workers in northern states

• The expansion of manufacturing into the western territories

• A reduction in trade with European countries

• The expansion of slavery into newly acquired territories