What does Hedonic Calculus mean?

Maximise pleasure and minimise pain

Mill argues that rights are secure because,

there is a strong utilitarian interest in protecting them.

modern society is close to infallible.

there is never a good reason to violate rights.

Which of the following does Mill describe as a conflict involving justice?

When people should be punished.

How punishments should be apportioned.

Mill finds justice's claims so pressing because of its link to

objective claims independent of utility.

Why are humans' instincts of self-defense different from those of animals?

Humans are more intelligent and can sympathize more broadly than animals can.

Animals are more in touch with the natural world than humans are.

Humans signed a social contract while animals are in a state of nature.

Actually, their instincts are identical.

Mill defines perfect obligations as

obligations in which a person has a right to have that obligation performed.

obligations that no one person has a right to have performed for her benefit.

obligations codified in public opinion but not in law.

Which of the following does Mill say is a common meaning of the term justice?

Not showing preferences inappropriately.

If a person would have to lie in order to save somebody's life, Mill would argue that

she should lie because the utility of saving a life outweighs the claims of justice.

morality cannot provide a correct answer to this dilemma.

she should not lie because lying is always wrong.

she should do what feels right, and follow her own integrity.

Mill leaves the ultimate proof of utilitarianism to the "thoughtful reader" because

it is based on empirical questions.

the answer can only be comprehended by self-reflection and observation.

first principles cannot be proven by reasoning.

Mill objected to Jeremy Bentham's version of utilitarianism because

it has an impoverished definition of happiness.

Mill replies to the objection that people see virtue as an end by saying

that virtue can be part of people's happiness.

that virtue is only a means to happiness.

that virtue is another word for pleasure.

Artificial sentiments are different from natural ones because

artificial ones will be rejected upon analysis, while natural ones will not.

artificial sentiments are held in society while natural ones are held in a state of nature.

natural sentiments are innate, while artificial sentiments are learned.

natural sentiments are barbaric, while artificial sentiments are civilized.

Mill argues that sentiments in favor of utilitarianism are natural because

humans are social beings who must care about other people's interests.

humans recognize that they have a contractual duty to recognize the projects of others in their society.

utilitarianism is a product of practical reason.

In the debate over whether feelings of duty are innate or implanted, Mill argues that for the purposes of his theory

the distinction doesn't matter because either way, people are incapable of feeling a duty to promote utilitarian ends.

the distinction doesn't matter because either way, people are capable of feeling a duty to promote utilitarian ends.

feelings of duty must be innate.

feelings of duty must be implanted.

In response to the criticism that there is not enough time to calculate which actions will produce the most good, Mill replies

that people know the results that actions tend to produce, and they don't have to retest every action by first principles every time they perform it.

that people should take more time to deliberate on their actions.

that this is a necessary limitation of all ethical theories.

that upon reading his essay, people will have all the guidance they need.

The utility can be defined as:

pleasure and the absence of pain.

Usefulness, in opposition to pleasure

Fulfillment of animalistic desires

a constant state of rapturous excitement.

PHILO 1 - Ethics Midterm Examination

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PHILO 1 - Ethics Midterm Examination

30 questions

Who created Natural Law?

Who inspired the Natural Law Theory?

What type of argument is does Natural Law has?

What is our human telos?

What does Natural Law believe we are drawn towards?

Which Tier of Law is based on Scripture?

Natural Law is often said to be?

Who created Utilitarianism?

What did Bentham say were the “two sovereign masters” that govern humans?

Mill said, “It is better to be ---- dissatisfied than a fool satisfied”.

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