Learning and Conditioning

Based on changes in the weather, bears typically hibernate for half the year. This is an example of innate behavior, known as a

• condition.

• reflex.

• reaction

• instinct.

Acquiring knowledge and skills through experience is called ________.

• conditioning

• learning

• observational learning

• an instinct

When a person or animal makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together, they are exemplifying ________ learning.

• associative

• modeling

• reflexive

• instinctive

Which of the following is an example of a reflex?

• becoming defensive if you feel like someone is upset with you

• a newborn baby knowing how to nurse

• salmon swimming upstream to lay eggs

• becoming bored during a movie

Sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother’s pouch immediately after birth are examples of ________.

• learning

• reflexes

• conditioning

• instincts

What was the most important takeaway from Ivan Pavlov’s experiment with dogs?

• Food is the greatest motivator.

• Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

• One can learn new behaviors by observing others.

• Classical conditioning involves pairing a behavior and a consequence (reinforcements and punishments).

In classical conditioning, organisms learn to

• associate rewards or punishments with behavior.

• anticipate consequences for behaviors.

• associate events that repeatedly happen together.

• associate events that happen together on different schedules.

In Pavlov’s classic experiment with dogs, the unconditioned response is ________ and the conditioned response is ________.

• the bell; salivation

• food; salivation

• salivation; food

• salivation; salivation

When Rosalie falls asleep at a park next to an elementary school, the ringing bell wakes her up. She immediately jumps to her feet and starts to pack up her bag because she has been conditioned to think the ringing bell signifies the end of class and the need to go somewhere else. When Rosalie was little, before ever attending school, the sound of a bell was a

• unconditioned stimulus.

• neutral stimulus.

• conditioned stimulus.

• neutral response

Which component of a classically conditioned behavior automatically elicits a reaction? For example, dimming the lights will cause the eyes to dilate.

• neutral stimulus.

• conditioned stimulus.

• reactional stimulus.

• unconditioned stimulus.