Which step of the design process is the creation of a prototype?

• Define the Problem

• Generate Concepts

• Design a Solution

• Build and Test a Solution

It was discovered that residents were losing up to 15% of their muscle mass during a typical six-month stay on the space station. Scientists and engineers designed the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) to combat this muscle loss.

The first thing the scientists and engineers had to do to create the solution was to determine the problem.

Which of these statements describes the problem associated with this situation?

• Scientists and engineers combat muscle loss by decreasing astronauts’ muscle mass.

• Astronauts live on the space station for three years instead of six months.

• Astronauts lose 15% of their muscle mass during a typical six-month stay on the space station.

• Astronauts exercise less before living on the space station.

Which statement is true about the future of space travel?

• Plans are underway to determine sustainable plans for humans in space.

• We have reached our limit of where we can travel in space.

• There are no plans to create a habitat for people to live in space.

• The United States will be the only country with a presence in space.

As a result of the Apollo Program, humans traveled to the moon. What was another major advantage of this space mission?

• It created new scientific and technological knowledge.

• It enabled us to mine large amounts of minerals from the moon’s surface.

• It led to the discovery of life on the moon.

• It proved that the moon has an oxygen-filled atmosphere.

The chemical mixture that combines with the oxidizer for combustion in an engine is called a(n):

• Nozzle

• Aileron

• Propellant

• Rudder

Collaborating with others demonstrates the ability to work in a way that is effective and _______.

• Independent

• Aggresive

• Respectful

• Inactive

Astronauts on the International Space Station sprouted lettuce seeds. They soon realized that the plants were going to grow too large for their containers. The crew is instructed to save the harvest.

“Let’s replant all of the lettuce. We could use the empty food containers we have left over from our meals for the plants,” suggests one of the astronauts.

“That could work, but do you think the unexpected size of all these big plants will impact our air and water use?” says another.

“Let’s just restart them from seed. We can still use our empty food containers as planters, but we’ll only plant half as many seeds. We have 60 days on our mission, which is exactly how long it takes for lettuce to mature for harvest,” says a third.

What is the best approach for them to collaboratively solve the problem?

• Collaboration requires group agreement, not dictation.

  They should write all the ideas down on slips of paper and randomly select one of the slips.

• Independent work is not part of collaboration.

  The commander of the mission should dictate the solution to the others.

• They should each work independently and try their own suggestions.

• They should agree on the focus of the plant experiment and pick the solution that matches the focus.

Select the statement that correctly identifies an effect that microgravity has on the body.

• Bones gain 1% to 2% in density.

• Body fluids settle in astronauts’ legs.

• Heart does not have to work as hard.

• Muscles weaken.

Which two arrows show the equal and opposite forces that demonstrate Newton’s Third Law that causes liftoff? Select two letters.

• A, B

• B, D

• A, D

• A,C

Which diagram shows the correct amount of thrust needed to successfully launch the rocket into an orbit around Earth?

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