Nervous System

1. Draw a label a neuron. (cell body, axon, dendrite, myelin, axon terminal)

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2. Describe what happens with sodium ions and potassium ions during an action potential.

• chemoreceptors chemical concentration of substances pain receptors stimulated by tissue damage thermoreceptors temperature mechanoreceptors pressure or movement photoreceptors light

• Afferent-collect info and transmit it towards the Central Nervous System Efferent-peripheral neurons which transmit away from the Central Nervous System

• During action potential sodium atoms are going to rush in because of voltage gated channels potassium switches places with the sodium

• presynaptic neuron - sending the signal postsynaptic cell - receiving the signal

3. What is the difference between an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron?

• chemoreceptors chemical concentration of substances pain receptors stimulated by tissue damage thermoreceptors temperature mechanoreceptors pressure or movement photoreceptors light

• Afferent-collect info and transmit it towards the Central Nervous System Efferent-peripheral neurons which transmit away from the Central Nervous System

• Semicircular canal - filled with fluid and silya hairs that help keep balance because when you move your head, so does the liquid

• Constricts to let appropriate amount of light in

4. List the five different types of sensory receptors in the human body?

• chemoreceptors chemical concentration of substances pain receptors stimulated by tissue damage thermoreceptors temperature mechanoreceptors pressure or movement photoreceptors light

• chemoreceptors light pain receptors stimulated by tissue damage thermoreceptors temperature mechanoreceptors chemical changes photoreceptors pressure and movement

• cochlea - hair vibrates and motor neurons send messages to the brain saying you heard a sound

  Semicircular canal - filled with fluid and silya hairs that help keep balance

  Both use hair cells with stereocilia to detect movement of fluid, in this case, in response to changes in head position or acceleration

• presynaptic neuron - sending the signal postsynaptic cell - receiving the signal

5. Draw a simple ear and label the ear canal, tympanic membrane, hammer, anvil, stirrup, cochlea, and semicircular canals.

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6. Describe the role of the cochlea and semicircular canals, and name one similarity in their structures.

• chemoreceptors called olfactory receptors, work by binding to molecules from the environment, receptors send signals to the bottom of the frontal lobe

• Sympathetic division

  Fight or flight response

  parasympathetic division

  Decreases respiration and heart rate and increases digestion

• cochlea - hair vibrates and motor neurons send messages to the brain saying you heard a sound

  Semicircular canal - filled with fluid and silya hairs that help keep balance

  Both use hair cells with stereocilia to detect movement of fluid, in this case, in response to changes in head position or acceleration

• chemoreceptors called olfactory receptors work by binding to molecules from the environment receptors send signals to the bottom of the frontal lobe near parts which deal with emotion and memory

7. How is a signal from a presynaptic neuron transmitted to a postsynaptic cell?

• cochlea - hair vibrates and motor neurons send messages to the brain saying you heard a sound

  Semicircular canal - filled with fluid and silya hairs that help keep balance

  Both use hair cells with stereocilia to detect movement of fluid, in this case, in response to changes in head position or acceleration

• Has muscles attached to it so it can focus light

• SNA controls both voluntary behaviors and spinal reflexes

  ANS controls involuntary activities of body organs, has two subdivisions, sympathetic division, Fight or flight

• presynaptic neuron - sending the signal postsynaptic cell - receiving the signal

8. What is the diencephalon and what are two of its main functions?

• coordinates muscle action, processes info about body position and posture, controls these by keeping skeletal muscles in state of partial contraction

• directs incoming sensory signals to the proper region of cerebral cortex, directs hormone production

• lie in between bumps on the tongue called papillae

• Rods - photoreceptor which responds to dim light Cons - photoreceptor which is stimulated by bright light

9. Compare how rods and cons respond to light.

• neurons that have cell bodies and are not included in the brain or spinal cord

• directs hormone production

• Rods - photoreceptor which responds to dim light Cons - photoreceptor which is stimulated by bright light

• Sensory receptor senses something and sends it to a motor neuron Interneurons receive it and send a response back to move away hand Motor neurons get the message and tell you to move away your hand

10. What is involved in a spinal reflex?

• coordinates muscle action, processes info about body position and posture, controls these by keeping skeletal muscles in state of partial contraction

• cochlea - hair vibrates and motor neurons send messages to the brain saying you heard a sound

  Semicircular canal - filled with fluid and silya hairs that help keep balance

  Both use hair cells with stereocilia to detect movement of fluid, in this case, in response to changes in head position or acceleration

• Sensory receptor senses something and sends it to a interneuron Interneurons receive it and send a response back to move away hand Motor neurons get the message and tell you to move away your hand

• See something through your eye and your neurons will send a message through the spinal cord then to the brain stem then to the diencephalon then the diencephalon tells the message where to go