Individual decision makers in foreign policy

Link the following assumption to one of the theories below:

"... suggests that the

course of human history is determined not only by larges, social political and economic forces

but also by the beliefs and character of the individuals who rise to positions of influence"

• great man theory of history

• bounded rationality

• prospect theory

....provides an alternative explanation (rather than simple rational

optimization) of decisions made under risk or uncertainty.

• bounded rationality theory

• great man in history theory

• prospect theory

takes into account the costs of seeking and processing information.

Nobody thinks about every single possible course of action when making a decision.

• bounded rationality theory

• great man in history theory

• prospect theory

... refers to a leader’s “beliefs about the nature of politics and political

conflict, his views regarding the extent to which historical developments can be shaped,

and his notions of correct strategy and tactics

”.

• Operational code

• Personality attributes

• misperceptions

Individual decision makers are best analysed at...

• global level of analysis

• individual level of analysis

• domestic level of analysis

• interstate level of analysis

The model of foreign policy decision making that can be best applied to analyse individuals is...

• Rational Actor Model

• Bureaucratic Model

• Organisational Model

....the tendency for groups to reach decisions without accurately assessing the

consequences, because individual members tend to go along with ideas they think they

support.

• Groupthink

• Polythink

• Multiple Advocacy

...loose decision structure in which the executive moderates a diversity of views.

• group think

• polythink

• multiple advocacy

...plurality of opinions, views, and perceptions of group members.

• group think

• polythink

• multiple advocacy