Cotton, Cattle, and Railroad

Which item commonly associated with cattle ranching today most clearly shows the Spanish

vaqueros’ influence?

• Style of boots worn by ranchers

• Style of jacket worn by ranchers

• Gloves used by ranchers

• The lariat used by ranchers

The most significant long-term impact of railroads on Texas has been

• their role in spurring exploration for oil

• their role in destroying the ranching industry.

• the destruction of buffalo habitat.

• encouraging the expansion of settlement throughout the state.

How did railroads change farming practices in Texas?

• Farmers grew as many cash crops as they could to transport to new markets.

• Farmers began to grow new crops, like cotton, they had not previously grown.

• Farmers were forced to hire more farmhands in order to keep up with demand.

• Farmers often downsized their crops as they could not afford the railroad’s prices

Which were the first mills in Texas?

• cotton mills

• gristmills

• sawmills

• woolen mills

How did railroads change farming practices in Texas?

• Farmers grew as many cash crops as they could to transport to new markets.

• Farmers began to grow new crops, like cotton, they had not previously grown.

• Farmers began to grow new crops, like cotton, they had not previously grown.

• Farmers often downsized their crops as they could not afford the railroad’s prices.

Unlike the French, Spanish, and Mexicans, Anglos in the mid- to late-1800s pursued a goal of

• trading with the American Indians of Texas.

• enslaving the American Indians of Texas.

• removing the American Indians from Texas.

• cooperating with the American Indians of Texas.

What was the leading cause of the end of the open range in Texas?

• expanding agriculture

• expanding railroads

• government land policies

• severe drought

How did the state government get involved with the open range?

• They passed a law that forbid cattle traveling through the open range.

• They made sure the railroad did not cross through the Great Plains.

• They passed a law that made the ranchers pay for the cattle to pass.

• They passed a law banning fences on public land. ​

How did James Hogg affect the railroad construction?

• He promoted the establishment of a railroad commission.

• He was elected to combine all railroads into one company.

• He led the Transcontinental Railroad from California to Missouri.

• He was elected as the first commissioner of the railways.

Why did people begin farming near the railroads?

• It was easy for them to travel from their farms to other areas.

• They took the trains until the rails ended, and that was in Texas.

• The railroads made it easier for them to ship their crops.

• The farmers got to ride the railroads for free.