The Cold War

What can be implied by this information?

• Western Europe rebuilt more quickly after World War II.

• Eastern Europe rebuilt less quickly after World War II.

• Eastern Europe was economically competitive after World War II.

• Western Europe was unable to rebuild its military after World War II.

In 1946, Winston Churchill used the term “Iron Curtain” when describing conditions in Europe. What did he mean by this term?

• European nations needed to build more factories.

• The militaries of Western Europe were becoming too powerful.

• There was a division between communist Eastern Europe and Western Europe.

• Peace had finally spread throughout the countries of Europe.

What prompted the Berlin Airlift?

• The Soviets invaded Western Germany to take control.

• The Soviets cut off all traffic in or out of West Berlin.

• The Soviets refused to allow a democratic government in West Berlin.

• The Soviets took over the western half of Germany and cut off food supplies.

What was the main focus of US foreign policy during the Cold War?

• Extending the political, economic, and cultural influence of the United States.

• Providing aid to Western Europe following the devastation of World War II.

• To establish a strong military alliance.

• Containment of the spread of communism.

“I believe it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation [domination] by armed minorities or by outside pressure. Should we fail to aid Greece and Turkey in this fateful hour, the effect will be far-reaching to the West. The seeds of totalitarian regimes are nurtured by misery and want. They spread and grow in the evil soil of poverty and strife. They reach their full growth when the hope of a people for a better life has died. Therefore, I propose giving Greece and Turkey $400 million in aid.” - President Truman’s speech to Congress, March 12, 1947.

What was the intent of the Truman Doctrine?

• Ensure the survival of the newly independent nations of Africa and Asia.

• Limit the proliferation of nuclear weapons during the Cold War.

• Provide political, military, and economic assistance to all democratic nations (Greece and Turkey) under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.

• Provide medical aid to South Korea during the Korean War.

. . . The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense . . . will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the . . . area. . . .

Which organization includes this statement in its charter?

• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

• Warsaw Pact

• United Nations

• League of Nations

How was the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union impacted by the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the Warsaw Pact?

• The Cold War deescalated because the Soviet Union was a member of these alliances.

• The purpose of these treaties was to improve trade relations between the countries and had no effect on the Cold War.

• These treaties established strong military alliances which intensified the Cold War.

• The Cold War intensified because most Americans did not believe that NATO or the Warsaw Pact would be successful.

What happened to East and West Germany after the Fall of the Berlin Wall?

• They kept the same political system

• They unified into one communist country

• They rebuilt the wall.

• They unified into one democratic country

Which of the following was a major objective of China's Cultural Revolution in the 1960s?

• introducing democratic reforms

• restoring ancient religious traditions

• reinforcing communist ideology

• expanding contact with Western nations

“There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace. General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberation, come here to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!”

- President Ronald Reagan (June 12, 1987)

From the quote above, which symbol of the Cold War was President Reagan speaking about?

• the "Iron Curtain"

• The Great Wall of China

• the Berlin Wall

• The DMZ