Unit 5- APES

Overfishing of stocks of fish species, like salmon and cod, in an effort to meet a growing global demand has become an international concern. A recent estimate indicates that the average annual consumption of fish globally in 2014 was about twice the consumption in 1960. Because of increased concerns about the impact of overfishing, fishery managers are looking for ways to protect wild populations while still satisfying global demand for food for human consumption.

Various nations have adopted policies designed to combat overfishing. Which of the following approaches is commonly used to combat the problem of overfishing?

• Reducing the limits on the numbers of commercial fish species that can be caught

• Banning the use of sonar as a means for capturing fish in open ocean waters

• Promoting fishing in estuaries and breeding grounds rather than in the open ocean

• Enforcing minimum-size requirements for the capture of some commercial species

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NGSS.HS-LS2-7

Which of the following is an example of an industrial practice that contributes to the tragedy of the commons?

• Burning fossil fuels for energy production

• Creating constructed wetlands on abandoned land

• Enacting and enforcing legislation on point-source pollutants

• Promoting aluminum and glass recycling

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which of the following best exemplifies how an action within the fishing industry could lead to a tragedy of the commons?

• Fishing companies increasing the number of aquaculture facilities

• Fishers throwing back fish that are at peak reproductive age to help keep fish populations stable

• Fisheries limiting the amount of overall catch per fishing season

• Overfishing of threatened fish species leading to the eventual depletion of the resource

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Which of the following environmental effects would most likely result from the clear-cutting of boreal forests by industrial logging operations?

• There will be an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, which will contribute to climate change.

• There will be an increase in farming on the cleared areas of land, which will reduce incidences of flooding.

• There will be an increase in atmospheric oxygen concentration, which will improve air quality.

• There will be a decrease in the temperature of soil and nearby bodies of water, which will increase biodiversity.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

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Which of the following best describes environmental damage caused by slash-and-burn farming in tropical rain forests?

• Nitrogen and phosphorus enter streams and reduce the growth of algae.

• The soil loses fertility after a short period of time and will be ineffective for farming use.

• The bare soil is exposed and becomes dried out, killing valuable soil bacteria.

• There is an increase in biodiversity as areas that were previously forested areas are converted to agricultural fields.

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NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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Which of the following agricultural practices results in soil degradation and most contributes to erosion?

• Tilling

• Crop rotation

• Intercropping

• Terracing

Which of the following describes an unintended consequence that results from large-scale agricultural use of water from an aquifer?

• Much of the water becomes too salty for human consumption because of saltwater intrusion.

• The rate of water use likely exceeds the rate of recharge, leading to lowering the water table.

• The water table level rises too high, leading to excessive flooding.

• Agricultural areas contribute to increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to global climate change.

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NGSS.MS-ESS3-4

Which of the following best describes the advantages and disadvantages of drip irrigation?

• This method is suitable for a range of topographies and is easy to operate, but it requires a high initial investment in machinery.

• This method most efficiently delivers water directly to plant roots compared with other methods, and wastes less water, but it may be too costly for farmers in developing countries to use.

• This method delivers water to the field by pipes and water flows directly over the soil, but there is a large amount of runoff.

• This method applies water directly to trenches dug in soil and is cost effective, but water is often lost to evaporation.

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

The graph below shows the change in hog farming in the United States from 1955–2015.

The hog-farming industry maintains production levels to satisfy the demand for pork. Which of the following methods of meat production would provide the most likely explanation for the information represented in the graph above?

• Free-range grazing

• Organic meat production

• Individual transferable quotas

• Concentrated animal feeding operations

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NGSS.MS-ETS1-2

Humans consume a variety of protein products, each with a different carbon footprint based on a variety of factors.

Which of the following claims is best supported by the data in the graph?

• Feedlot beef is the most sustainable protein because it has low requirements for fossil fuels, requires small pastures, and produces a large amount of protein for human consumption with low levels of pollution released.

• Beans and soy products provide the least amount of protein for human consumption because they are plant-based foods. They require large amounts of land and have a high carbon footprint.

• Seafood harvested from aquaculture has a larger carbon footprint than seafood harvested from fisheries. Aquaculture requires large amounts of fossil fuels and releases more greenhouse gases than fisheries do because the fish are more concentrated.

• Grass-fed beef has the highest carbon-equivalent footprint because of land-use changes to create pasture land combined with contributions from transportation, processing, manure treatment, making fertilizers, and digestive fermentation processes.

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