RC4 Quiz#1 2014

Before the Industrial Revolution in England, the peppered moth was commonly found on tree trunks that had light-colored lichen on the bark. Most of the peppered moths were a light gray-brown color similar to that of the lichen. A few of the moths had a mutation that made them a dark gray-brown color. During the Industrial Revolution, coal-burning factories produced black soot that covered the trees and killed the lichen in and near cities. In these areas the number of dark peppered moths increased, while the number of light peppered moths decreased. What contributed to this change?

• The soot-covered trees camouflaged the dark moths.

• The dark moths preyed on the light moths.

• Bird populations increased in the areas near the factories.

• The dark moths laid fewer eggs than the light moths.

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The Prairies Region and the Cross Timbers are located in north-central Texas. The graph below shows information about eating habits of white-tailed deer in these regions. A Cross Timbers rancher is concerned about competition between the ranch animals and the deer. Based on the graph, which ranch animals compete for the most food with white-tailed deer?

• Cattle that eat grass and feed

• Goats that eat weeds and shrubs

• Turkeys that eat seeds and fruit

• Hogs that eat fruit, seeds, and feed

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When Charles Darwin visited the Galápagos Islands in the 1800s, he observed many types of organisms that were similar but lived on different islands. The four species of mocking birds found on the Galápagos Islands are shown below. Each species lives on a different island. These species are very similar, but the Hood mockingbird has a longer beak than the other three species. Which of the following best explains this difference?

• The Hood mockingbird needs a longer beak for defense against predators.

• The Hood mockingbird originated from a different type of bird than the other species.

• The Hood mockingbird’s longer beak is an adaptation to the food available in the bird’s habitat.

• The Hood mockingbird’s beak stretched to reach its food, and the longer beak was passed down to its offspring.

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Which of these correctly describes a relationship between organisms in the soil food web below?

• Protozoa get nutrients from small arthropods.

• Mammals are predators of birds.

• Nematodes prey on arthropods.

• Bacteria get nutrients from organic matter.

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Galveston Bay, an estuary in Southeast Texas, is shown below. The amount of salt in the water changes with the tides. Sometimes the water is mostly freshwater, and sometimes it is mixed with saltwater. Various plant species live in this environment and provide a habitat for other organisms. To successfully live in an estuary, a plant species must have an adaptation that allows it to —

• produce large amounts of food

• absorb large amounts of water

• store excess gases

• filter excess salt

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A scientist named Joseph Connell studied two species of barnacles on the shore of a Scottish island. In the area between the average tide and the neap high tide, he found that the population of Species A was smaller than that of Species B. He removed Species B from one area but left both Species A and B in a similar area. The graph below shows the results of this study. Based on these data, which hypothesis was Connell most likely testing?

• The populations of both species of barnacles increase more in warm water than in cool water.

• Barnacles grow larger when they are isolated from other species.

• The two species of barnacles compete with each other for resources.

• The two species of barnacles are closely related to each other.

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In the aquatic food web below, which two organisms have a predator-prey relationship?

• Shad and sturgeons

• Sturgeons and blue crabs

• Blue crabs and rangia clams

• Copepods and amphipods

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When people run long distances, their muscles require increased amounts of oxygen. Which system is responsible for carrying this oxygen to the muscles?

• Nervous

• Respiratory

• Digestive

• Circulatory

In 1838 botanist Matthias Schleiden determined that all plants are composed of cells. In 1839anatomist Theodor Schwann proposed that all animals are composed of cells. In 1855 biologist Rudolph Virchow added to Schleiden’s and Schwann’s observations and proposed that all living things are composed of cells. Which statement is also part of Virchow’s cell theory?

• All cells have a cell wall.

• All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

• All cells are capable of photosynthesis.

• All cells can develop into any other type of cell.

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Fish in a lake have to compete for space. Different fish have different optimal temperature ranges. The graph below shows the temperature ranges of four fish species. At which temperature range will there be the most competition for space among these fish species?

• 5°C to 10°C

• 10°C to 15°

• 15°C to 20°C

• 25°C to 30°C

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