Learning & Memory Unit Review

What is choice blindness?

• A cognitive bias where you defend your choices, even if you can't remember the choices you made

• A cognitive bias where you believe something depending on whether you already agreed with it

• A cognitive bias where you have trouble adopting new information into your self-perception

• A cognitive bias where you believe what you've already put into something is worth throwing even more into it, even if you never see a return

True or false: it is impossible for humans to create false memories.

• True

• False

What is memory?

• Learning that has persisted over time, that has been stored, and that can be recalled

• The conscious, intentional remembering of information

• Things you take in automatically and remember without trying

• The ability to work on making a memory

What is the process of storing a memory?

• It is taken in through the senses, moved to short term/working memory, and then encoded in long-term memory

• It is taken in through repetition, recall, and relearning, moved to working memory, then to long-term memory

• It is taken in through the conscious, intentional remembering of information and automatic learning

• It is taken in by conditioning or automatic learning, and can either be forgotten or moved to long-term memory

What are two strong strategies for retaining complex information?

• Memorising

• Mnemonics

• Chunking

• Rearranging the letters and ideas

How can you really make something stick?

• Spend hours memorising

• Connect it to something personal about yourself or that you already know

• Chunk it through willpower

• Ignore it and try not to remember more than you have to

What's the difference between procedural and episodic memory?

• Procedural is about recalling things that have happened, and episodic is about recalling how you do something

• They are both the same, but they are stored in different areas of the brain

• Procedural is short-term memory, and episodic is long-term memory

• Episodic is about recalling things that have happened, and procedural is about recalling how you do something

When are you more likely to recall memories?

• When your mood matches the mood you were in when the event took place

• When your unconscious mind triggers emotions in your long term memory

• When your mood is different from the mood you were in when the event takes place

• When you work really hard on it

Why do we forget things?

• We lose them through different kinds of interference, like when we forget things in one language when learning a new one

• We fail to notice something so we don't encode it entirely, or we lose them through storage decay, or we fail to retrieve it due to interference

• Because of source attribution failure, where we misremember an event from an earlier time and combine it with reasonable guesses but that are inaccurate

• Because we have brain damage, or we just experience false memories

What is a flashbulb memory, and what can we learn from them?

• A vivid memory about an emotional event that is often only remembered partially accurately

• A vivid, partially-accurate memory about an emotional event that shows us the limit of our own memory's accuracy

• A memory that exists to reinforce other strong emotional memories from important times in our lives

• A way of moving strong sensory memories into long-term memory without the need to rehearse or retrieve them