DNA and Mutations

Base your answer to the following question on the structures represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures?

• DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.

• Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.

• DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.

• The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.

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The individuality of an organism is determined by the:

• sequence of nitrogenous bases in deoxyribonucleic acid

• position of the ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

• number of amino acids in a cell

• number of nitrogenous bases in a codon

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If 20% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, T, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?

• 15%

• 30%

• 35%

• 50%

A medical test indicates that a patient has a defective protein. This condition is most likely due to a change in the directions coded in the:

• number of hydrogen atoms in starch molecules

• sequence of inorganic molecules

• number of carbon atoms in sugar molecules

• sequence of subunits in DNA

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Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below.

Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?

• DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.

• Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.

• The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.

• Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.

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A diagram of a cellular process is shown below.

Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?

• Translation

• Translocation

• Replication

• Transcription

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Translation results in the formation of

• proteins

• rRNA

• mRNA

• tRNA

Which segments of DNA are transcribed and translated into proteins?

• the entire DNA molecule

• sugar - phosphate backbone

• phenotypes

• nitrogenous bases

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NGSS.HS-LS1-1

a codon is...

• a set of three DNA nucleotides on mRNA that codes for one protein

• a set of three DNA nucleotides on mRNA that codes for one amino acid

• a set of three RNA nucleotides on mRNA that codes for one protein

• a set of three RNA nucleotides on mRNA that codes for one amino acid

Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?

• the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum

• the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

• the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus

• the release of messenger RNA from DNA

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