Evolution Unit Review

Of the following anatomical structures, which are homologous to the wing of a bat?

• the tail of a kangaroo

• the flipper of a whale

• the wing of a butterfly

• the arm of a human

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Images of the embryo and adult stages of three different organisms are shown.

Which of the following is the best conclusion that can be drawn from this evidence?

• Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms eat the same types of food.

• Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms live in a similar environment.

• Having similar embryos indicates that these organisms share a recent common ancestor.

• Having similar embryos indicates that a certain protein controls how many legs the adult organisms will have.

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Whales have pelvic (hip) bones, even though they don't have legs. These are called vestigial structures - bones or other structures that aren't useful but are still there. What do whales' pelvic bones suggest?

• That whales are related to sharks

• That one whale was born without legs and now no whales have legs

• That whales have an ancestor that had legs

• That pelvic bones have no purpose in any animal

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What can be used as evidence for evolution? (select all that apply).

• Any common function of structures between species (i.e. birds and insects both have wings)

• Body parts of different species that are similar in structure and location.

• Similarities of embryos from different species.

• Fossil records showing structures and locations of species.

• Structures in modern species that are unused and unnecessary, but were used by past species.

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Scientists can explore whether two different animal species have evolved from a common ancestor, using evidence from all of the sources below except

• analysis of strands of DNA

• comparisons of bones and muscles

• comparison of the experiences of each organism

• studies of embryos during development

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​Based on the fossil layers shown, what can you infer about the past environment at this location?

• The environment at this location has never changed

• The organisms at this environment became simpler over time

• The environment began as a dry land environment, then evolved into an ocean or water environment.

• The environment began as an ocean or water environment, then evolved into a dry land environment.

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Select the animal(s) that possess the trait of a placenta.

• bullfrog

• chimpanzee

• kangaroo

• shark

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Select the animal(s) that possess the trait of a vertebrae.

• bullfrog

• chimpanzee

• kangaroo

• shark

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In the table shown, the DNA found in five primate species was compared to the DNA found in humans. The number of sequence differences was recorded. Based on the data in this table, what inference could you make about these species compared to humans?

• Lemurs are most like humans.

• Gorillas are most like humans.

• None of the species are similar to humans.

• Only the lemur differs from humans in any way.

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Please select all correct answers that apply, based on the cladogram shown

• Sharks and Primates do not have a common ancestor.

• Crocodiles and Amphibians are more closely related than Birds and Sharks.

• Rodents and Rabbits do have Eggs with Shells.

• Sharks have more of the traits shown than of all of the other organisms.

• Birds have all of the shown traits that Sharks have, but Sharks do not have all of the shown traits that Birds have.

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