Ch 12 and 13 Review

The Industrial Revolution is best defined as a

• period of rapid growth during which machines became essential to industry.

• series of explosive encounters between workers and wealthy factory owners.

• time of great excitement about mechanical approaches to controlling Nature.

• period of turmoil and upheaval within the United States government.

Why were changes to manufacturing needed in the mid-1700s?

• Factory owners were not satisfied with the size of their profits.

• Demand was greater than the available supply of goods.

• Workers were not satisfied with the level of their daily wages.

• Traders faced higher shipping prices for smaller amounts of goods.

Why were more American textile mills built in the North than in the South?

• The South charged higher taxes on industry.

• The South was not interested in expanding agriculture.

• The North had more rivers to provide power.

• The North attracted skilled English immigrants.

What was Eli Whitney’s influence on American manufacturing?

• He designed a way to produce inexpensive clocks.

• He came up with the idea of interchangeable parts.

• He argued that all manufacturing should be done by hand.

Which statement best describes working conditions at the mills?

• Workers were fired after a single absence, forcing replacements to operate machinery they were not properly trained to use.

• Each worker was free to choose the time at which the workday began so long as 8 to 10 hours of work a day were completed.

• Workers suffered from health problems, such as chronic cough, due to unsafe conditions.

The Transportation Revolution was a period of

• rapid growth in the speed and convenience of travel.

• economic depression brought on by inferior modes of travel.

• public disapproval of traditional modes of transit.

• rebellion against foreign countries’ use of American shipping lanes.

Two new forms of transportation invented during the Transportation Revolution were the

• horse-drawn railcar and the motorboat.

• covered wagon and the sailboat.

• automobile and the clipper ship.

• steam-powered train and the steamboat.

In the mid-1800s, most of America’s industry was located in the

• Northeast

• South

• West

• Midwest

A “protective tariff” adds a tax to the price of imported goods to protect domestic products from foreign

• contamination

• theft

• competition

• boycott

Samuel Morse’s invention of the _____________________ enabled people to send news quickly from coast to coast.

• Telephone

• Sewing Machine

• Telegraph

• Steamboat