Review: Semester Final

Which of the following is a distinguishing difference between rocks and minerals?

• Minerals are made of rocks combined in different combinations.

• Crystals are a type of rock and granite is a type of mineral.

• Minerals have specific chemical compositions, but rocks do not.

• Minerals are aggregates of different rocks and elements.

Why was Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift almost completely discarded?

• It didn’t explain how mountains formed.

• It wasn’t supported by fossil evidence.

• It didn’t have a mechanism for how drift occurred.

• It didn’t explain how continents fit together.

What geological process generates the world's longest undersea mountain chain called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge?

• folding and breaking of undersea layers until they form ridges or mountains

• subduction of pulled plate boundaries beneath neighboring plates

• divergent plates spreading apart and magma pushing up and creating undersea mountains

• deep areas of bedrock breaking into faults leaving steep vertical displacements

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Larry filled a milk carton completely with water and tightly secured the cap. He then placed it in the freezer. When he looked at the container two days later, he saw that the frozen water had expanded, breaking the container. What type of weathering is modeled by Larry’s experiment?

• chemical weathering

• biological chemical weathering

• physical weathering

• biological physical weathering

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Which layer of soil contains organic matter and tiny rock particles?

• subsoil

• midsoil

• topsoil

• bedrock

How do the nutrients in soil cause problems when erosion relocates the soil to ponds or lakes?

• They cause algae to reproduce rapidly causing algae blooms.

• They poison the fish in the ponds or lakes.

• They poison the microorganisms that break down dead organic matter in the ponds or lakes.

• They change the color of the water and reduce aquatic photosynthesis.

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The parts that are either directly or indirectly related to each other in a system are known as what?

• the components

• the boundary

• the flow

• the input

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Extra fertilizer in water can cause algae to reproduce and bloom out of control. What type of interaction in the Earth system is this?

• Hydrosphere-Lithosphere

• Hydrosphere-Biosphere

• Atmosphere-Biosphere

• Atmosphere-Lithosphere

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Which of the following describes a negative feedback system?

• feedback that magnifies output

• feedback that regulates and stabilizes

• microphone speaker feedback

• running cattle increase panic within a herd

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How is the atmospheric oxygen that is taken in by living things for respiration replaced?

• Photosynthesis uses the carbon dioxide that is exhaled by living things to make oxygen.

• Weathering releases oxygen that is locked in rocks due to sedimentation.

• Oxygen that is dissolved in water such as oceans is released.

• After living things use oxygen for respiration, they exhale the oxygen back to the atmosphere.

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