Ch. 25

An infectious disease is one that is caused by:

• heredity

• pollutants in the environment

• pathogens

• hemophilia

Hw are infectious diseases spread?

• through coughing, sneezing or physical contact

• through contaminated water or food

• by infected animals

• all of the above

Which of these adaptations helps spread the bacteria that causes an infectious disease like tuberculosis?

• an ability to cause diarrhea in the host

• an ability to make the host cough

• an ability to be carried by vectors, such as bats

• an ability to survive in contaminated water

The body's nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include:

• antibiotics

• mucus, sweat and tears

• antibodies

• cytotoxic T cells

The body's most important nonspecific defense is:

• the skin

• cell-mediated immunity

• the inflammatory response

• permanent immunity

During the winter you become sick with the flu. Shortly after that, you become sick with strep throat. Will the same type of white blood cell that fought the pathogen that caused the flu fight the pathogen that causes strep throat?

• Yes. Every white blood cell is capable of fighting every pathogen with which it comes in contact.

• Yes. White blood cells recognize similar antigens such as bacterial and viral pathogens.

• No. White blood cells fight viruses while red blood cells fight bacteria.

• No. Each white blood cell is capable of recognizing one specific antigen.

Proteins that tag pathogens for destruction by immune cells are called:

• antibodies

• antigens

• histamines

• interferons

Which of these are the main working cells of the specific immune response?

• self and nonself cells

• white blood cells

• antigens and antibodies

• histamines and interferons

If a person has memory cells against a certain pathogen, the person is:

• likely to develop that disease

• much less likely to develop the disease a second time

• able to spread the disease to others through physical contact

• probably still sick with the disease

Which structure will respond quickly if the same virus invades the body again?

• macrophage

• memory T cell

• cytoxic cell

• helper cell