Keystone Review # 5 (Genetics, Evolution, Ecology)

Which statement best explains how organisms accomplish passing on traits to their offspring?

• Traits are acquired when parents care for their offspring.

• Offspring inherit traits when DNA is replicated during mitosis.

• Traits are inherited by the transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring

• Offspring acquire traits when cells become specialized for certain functions

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NGSS.HS-LS3-1

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Two closely related shrimp species have habitats and niches that partially overlap. Which factor most likely caused the divergence of the shrimp into separate species?

• reproductive isolation

• reduction of food supply

• a series of rapid mutations

• large initial population size

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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Which sequence best orders ecological categories from the one with the fewest number of individuals to the one with the greatest number of individuals?

• ecosystem, population, community, biome

• population, community, ecosystem, biome

• biome, population, community, ecosystem

• community, biome, population, ecosystem

Energy pyramids describe food and energy relationships within an ecosystem. Which factor most likely limits the number of levels an energy pyramid can have?

• biomass of the top-level organisms

• predation by the top-level organisms

• energy loss between each level of organisms

• chemical energy being decomposed at each level of organisms

Orchids living in tropical rainforests often grow on the branches of trees to access sunlight. The trees are not affected by the orchids. Which term best classifies the relationship between the orchids and the trees?

• predation

• parasitism

• competition

• commensalism

Which statement describes how cloning is different from selective breeding?

• Cloning eliminates recessive alleles from a genome

• Cloning transforms harmful traits into beneficial traits

• Cloning corrects or replaces mutated gene sequences

• Cloning results in offspring genetically identical to the parents.

Which statement best describes how geographic isolation can contribute to land animal speciation?

• Geographic isolation physically separates populations but allows them to interact

• Geographic isolation physically separates populations and prevents them from interacting.

• Geographic isolation causes genetic changes in individual organisms but allows them to interact

• Geographic isolation causes genetic changes in individual organisms and prevents them from interacting.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-2

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A student listed characteristics of a classroom aquarium ecosystem. Which characteristic is a biotic component of the aquarium ecosystem?

• The water temperature is 23°C.

• The pH of the water is usually between 6.5 and 6.8.

• The ammonia is controlled with a filter that uses two types of bacteria.

• The lighting is supplied by natural sunlight and a fluorescent light bulb.

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NGSS.HS-LS2-3

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Tadpoles grown in ponds with high densities of tadpoles have lower survival and growth rates than tadpoles grown in ponds with lower densities of tadpoles. Which interaction between tadpoles grown in high-tadpole-density ponds would most likely cause the decreased survival and growth rates?

• symbiosis

• mutualism

• competition

• commensalism

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Which condition would most likely result in an increase in the phenotypic variation within a population?

• The variety of food available in the habitat decreases.

• A mutation leads to individuals with genetic differences.

• Competition is reduced for all individuals during the winter.

• Climate remains unchanged in the population’s ecosystem.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2